HomeMy WebLinkAboutord2022-015Whatcom County COUNTY COURTHOUSE
311 Grand Avenue, Ste #105
\, Bellingham, WA 98225-4038
(360) 778-5010
Agenda Bill Master Report
File Number: AB2022-036
File ID: AB2022-036 Version: 1 Status: Adopted
File Created: 01/05/2022 Entered by:
Department: File Type: Ordinance Requiring a Public Hearing
Assigned to: Council
Agenda Date: 02/22/2022
Primary Contact Email: maamot@co.whatcom.wa.us
TITLE FOR AGENDA ITEM:
Final Action: 02/22/2022
Enactment #: ORD 2022-015
Ordinance repealing the Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan and deleting a reference to the Subarea
Plan in the Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan
SUMMARY STATEMENT OR LEGAL NOTICE LANGUAGE:
Ordinance repealing the Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan, which was adopted in 1981, and deleting
a reference to the Subarea Plan in the Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan.
HISTORY OF LEGISLATIVE FILE
Date: Acting Body:
Action:
Sent To:
01/25/2022 Council INTRODUCED FOR PUBLIC Council
HEARING
Aye: 7 Buchanan, Byrd, Donovan, Elenbaas, Frazey, Galloway, and Kershner
Nay: 0
Absent: 0
02/08/2022 Council HEARD PUBLIC
TESTIMONY
02/08/2022 Council FORWARDED FOR Council
CONCURRENT REVIEW
Aye: 6 Buchanan, Byrd, Donovan, Frazey, Galloway, and Kershner
Nay: 0
Absent: 0
emp Absent: 1 Elenbaas
Whatcom County Page 1 Printed on 2/23/2022
Agenda Bill Master Report Continued (AB2022-036)
02/22/2022 Council ADOPTED
Aye: 6 Buchanan, Donovan, Elenbaas, Frazey, Galloway, and Kershner
Nay: 0
Absent: 0
Abstain: 1 Byrd
Attachments: Staff Memo, Draft Ordinance, Planning Commission Findings
Whatcom County Page 2 Printed on 212312022
1-5-2022
PROPOSED BY: Planning & Development Services
INTRODUCTION DATE: January 25th, 2022
ORDINANCE NO. 2022-015
REPEALING THE
CHERRY POINT FERNDALE SUBAREA PLAN
AND DELETING A REFERENCE TO THE SUBAREA PLAN IN THE
WHATCOM COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
WHEREAS, The Whatcom County Planning Commission held public hearings
and issued recommendations on the proposed amendments; and
WHEREAS, The County Council considered Planning Commission
recommendations;
WHEREAS, The County Council held a public hearing; and
WHEREAS, The County Council hereby adopts the following findings of fact:
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. The subject amendments include:
a. Deleting text in the Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan relating to the
Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan.
b. Repealing the Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan (1981).
2. Notice of the subject amendments was submitted to the Washington State
Department of Commerce on April 3, 2018.
3. A determination of non -significance (DNS) was issued under the State
Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) on April 23, 2018.
4. Notice of the Planning Commission hearings for the subject amendments was
posted on the County website on June 26, 2018 and October 18, 2021.
5. Notice of the Planning Commission hearing for the subject amendments was
published in the Bellingham Herald on June 29, 2018 and October 15, 2021.
6. Notice of the Planning Commission hearing was sent to the County's e-mail
list on July 3, 2018 and October 18, 2021.
Page 1 of 4
7. The Planning Commission held public hearings on the subject amendments
on July 12, 2018 and October 28, 2021.
8. Pursuant to WCC 22.10.060(1), in order to approve the proposed
comprehensive plan amendments the County must find all of the following:
a. The amendment conforms to the requirements of the Growth
Management Act, is internally consistent with the county -wide
planning policies and is consistent with any interlocal planning
agreements.
b. Further studies made or accepted by the Department of Planning and
Development Services indicate changed conditions that show need for
the amendment.
c. The public interest will be served by approving the amendment. In
determining whether the public interest will be served, factors
including but not limited to the following shall be considered:
i. The anticipated effect upon the rate or distribution of population
growth, employment growth, development, and conversion of
land as envisioned in the comprehensive plan.
ii. The anticipated effect on the ability of the county and/or other
service providers, such as cities, schools, water and/or sewer
purveyors, fire districts, and others as applicable, to provide
adequate services and public facilities including transportation
facilities.
iii. Anticipated impact upon designated agricultural, forest and
mineral resource lands.
d. The amendment does not include or facilitate spot zoning.
Growth Management Act
9. The Growth Management Act (GMA) allows, but does not require, a county to
adopt subarea plans under RCW 36.70A.080 ("Comprehensive plans —
Optional elements").
10. However, the GMA requires that subarea plans must be consistent with a
county's comprehensive plan. Specifically, RCVV 36.70A.080(2) states: "A
comprehensive plan may include, where appropriate, subarea plans, each of
which is consistent with the comprehensive plan."
Page 2 of 4
11. The Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan was adopted in 1981, prior to
enactment of the GMA in 1990. The Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan
was adopted in 1997 and subsequently amended from time to time.
County -Wide Planning Policies
12. The County -Wide Planning Policies do not require the County to retain old
subarea plans.
Interlocal Agreements
13. There are no interlocal agreements relating to the Cherry Point Ferndale
Subarea Plan.
Further Studies/Changed Conditions
14. The GMA, adopted in 1990, included a requirement to designate Urban
Growth Areas (UGAs). The 1981 Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan does
not address UGAs.
15. The GMA was amended in 1997 to include criteria for limited areas of more
intensive rural development (LAMIRDs). The 1981 Cherry Point Ferndale
Subarea Plan does not address LAMIRDs.
16. The Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan utilizes a planning horizon of
2036. The 1981 Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan utilized a 15-year
planning period (which ended in 1996).
17. The Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan contains population projections
through the year 2036. The 1981 Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan
contains population forecasts through the year 2000.
18. The 1981 Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan contains density policies that
are not consistent with the Whatcom County Zoning Code.
19. The 1981 Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan is inconsistent with the
Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan. Specifically, the Subarea Plan does
not address UGAs, contains different land use designations, is inconsistent
with the Comprehensive Plan's rural element, has a different planning period,
and contains different population projections.
20. Changed conditions including enactment of the GMA, adoption of the
Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan, and the passage of time warrant
repealing the 1981 Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan.
Page 3 of 4
Public Interest
21. Repealing the 1981 Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan will serve the public
interest by removing a plan that is inconsistent with the Whatcom County
Comprehensive Plan. Removing a reference to the Subarea Plan in the
Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan is consistent with repealing the
Subarea Plan.
Spot Zoning
22. The subject proposal does not involve rezoning property.
CONCLUSION
The subject comprehensive plan amendments, which include repealing the Subarea
Plan, are consistent with the approval criteria of WCC 22.10,060,
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the Whatcom County Council that:
Section 1. Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan amendments are hereby adopted
as shown on Exhibit A.
Section 2. The Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan is hereby repealed as shown
on Exhibit B.
Section 3. Adjudication of invalidity of any of the sections, clauses, or provisions
of this ordinance shall not affect or impair the validity of the ordinance as a whole
or any part thereof other than the part so declared to be invalid.
ADOPTED this 22nd day of February , 2022.
WHAT M.,Cd�NTY COUNCIL
W H A" r-,c-M" QGI TY, ' ,ASHINGTON
Dina B'rpwr Da is f Council Clerk
E4d
APPROVED as to form:
/s/ Royce Buckingham
Civil Deputy Prosecutor
i
Todd Donovan, Chairperson
Approved () Denied
<'q� Q.'A &....
Satpal Sid u, Executive
Date: ?.'2��✓ 12Z
Page 4 of 4
Exhibit A - Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan Amendments
Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan — Chapter 2
Policy 2L-2: Retain and periodically review the adopted Subarea Plans
(Lummi Island, C49-&r��f��-T--Urban Fringe, Birch Bay
Community Plan, Foothills, and Point Roberts)...
No changes to the remainder of this policy.
Rationale: The Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan (1981) would be
repealed. Therefore, the reference to this Subarea Plan would be
removed from the Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan.
1
Exhibit B - Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan Repeal
Repeal the Cherry Point Ferndale Subarea Plan in its entirety (see attached).
PIC P-fWA U
a component of the
Whatcom County
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
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CHERRY POINT -- FERNDALE SUBAREA
COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
MAY, 1981
Whatcon County Council
Shirley Van Zanten
Don Hansey
Larry McIntyre
C. J. Johnson
Whatcon County Planning Cc mission
John Vanderhage
Al Hickinbotham
Robert Andersen
Bill Clement
Emil deWilde
Whatcon County Plannint Staff
Micheal E. Nicholson, Planning Director
William G. Trim, Assistant Director
Sharon Hayes, Administrative Secretary
Casarehensive Planing Section
R. W. "Bob" Muenscher
Jon Donnellan
Will Roehl
Jim Hawley
Louise Greer
Jack B. Griffin
Peggy Hinton
Alvin Van Dalen
Joe Elenbaas
Steve Cornell, Planner I
Sandy Palm, Planner I
Michele Gierman, Graphics/Technical Assistant
Karen Daniels, Typist
operatiamal Planning Section
Jon Holain, Senior Planner
Roger Almekaar, Planner II
Florence Nichols, Typist
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION ................................................. 1
Authority................................................. 1
Definition & Application .................................. 1
Subarea Planning Concept .................................. 1
Whatcom County Planning Process ........................... 2
PlanFormat ............................................... 4
II. SUBAREA DESCRIPTION .......................................... 5
General................................................... 5
Findings .................................................. 5
Citizen Participation & Subarea Issues .................... 6
III. POPULATION FORECASTS ......................................... 8
IV. GOAL STATEMENTS..............................................14
V. RATIONAL & LOCATIONAL CRITERIA FOR LAND USE DESIGNATIONS.....16
A. Urban Reserve.........................................16
B. Residential Rural.....................................17
C. Rural.................................................17
D. Agricultural..........................................19
E. Public................................................19
F. Light Industrial Park.................................20
G. Heavy Impact Industrial...............................21
VI. POLICIES.....................................................22
A. Urban Reserve.........................................23
B. Residential Rural.....................................28
C. Rural.................................................30
D. Agricultural..........................................33
E. Public................................................36
F. Light Industrial Park.................................37
G. Heavy Impact Industrial ........
H. Community Facilities and Utilities....................41
I. Transportation/Circulation ............................43
J. Environmental.........................................45
K. Economic..............................................47
VII. COIBIVE PLAN AMENDMENT CRITERIA ........................48
VIII. C1 WHENS(1F! IVE PLAN LAND USE MAP..............................49
` e p
THE CHERRY POINT-FER-NDALE SUBAREA CW,1PREHENSIVE PLAN
A COMPONENT OF THE 14HATCOM COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Tu
Adopted this day of1980
by the k4hatcom County Planning Commission.
do4 '4/z�
o0nn vtanaerna unairman
W'- , ;
I'c eal E/ NicIfolson, Secretary
Certified this gist day of 1981
1981
by the Whatcom County Council
9 J1114 UAL,
���
Shirley Van anteTV, Chairperson
Approved this dclk day of , , 1981
by the Whatcom County Executive.
Joh ouws, Executive
Adopted this �S' day of , 1981
by the Boundary Review Board.
Dr r vo, 3�-r tt, Ch airererson
Attest: Joan Ogden, County Auditor
and ex-Officio Clerk of the County
Council. -
By:
Deputy
introduction
e e
G
I. INTRODUCTION
Statutory Authorit
Statutory authority for county comprehensive land use planning is
established in the Washington State Planning Enabling Act, in which it is
stated that "each planning agency shall prepare a comprehensive plan for the
orderly physical development of the county or any portion thereof..."
(RCW 36.70.320). The Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea Comprehensive Plan has
been developed in response to statutory authority, as well as in recognition
of the widely accepted principle that future Whatcom County land use
decisions should be made in a coordinated and responsible manner by both the
public and private sectors.
Definition & Application
The Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan is defined as an official public
document to be utilized by both the public and private sectors as a policy
guideline for making orderly and desirable decisions concerning the future
use of land in the county. The plan has been formulated by the Whatcom
County Planning Commission and is comprehensive, general and long-range in
nature. Comprehensive, in that it encompasses major geographic areas of the
county and the functional elements that bear on physical development;
general, in that it summarizes major policies and proposals and is not, by
statute, a detailed regulation; and long-range, in that it not only
addresses current issues, but also anticipated problems and possibilities of
the future.
The purpose of this document is to foster a responsible process of land use
decision -making. The goals, policies and land use plan map contained herein
serve to amend the 1970 Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan for the geographic
area covered by the Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea. The 1970 plan served as
a good and basic plan for the 1970's, but as times change, people's
attitudes, technologies, and economies also change. Consequently, the
primary decision -making document of local government must be revised to
address current and anticipated issues of the future.
In consideration of the changes that have occurred since the existing plan
was adopted, the Planning Commission resolved in December, 1978 to revise
and update the 1970 Comprehensive Plan. The Commission is also aware that
changes will continue through the 1980's and has realized that the policies
contained herein will be subject to modification and revision over a period
of time. As is discussed in the following section, this Subarea Plan will
be revised on a five --year basis.
Subarea Planning Concept
Because of the county's diverse physical and cultural make-up, the Planning
Commission elected to revise the plan on -an individual geographic area
basis. Thus, the Commission divided the western one-third of the county
into ten logical geographic areas where the planning process could be
applied in a uniform and consistent manner. Denoted as "subareas," these
geographic areas were delineated to address various land use related issues
that appeared to be unique to particular areas of the county.
��F
The criteria utilized by the Commission to delineate the subarea boundaries
include natural and physical features; political subdivisions, such as
special purpose districts (sewer, water, fire, school, etc.); existing land
use patterns; and the presence of a city or town (where applicable) to act
as a nucleus for the area. Thus, subareas are planning units determined
through the application of criteria and considered as a practical means of
revising the comprehensive plan in a consistent orderly fashion.
Whatcom County Planning Process
The Whatcom County comprehensive planning process is defined as a continual
program of evaluating goals, conducting various land -related studies, and
then utilizing such goals and studies to fashion a balanced and practical
set of land use policies and proposals for the future use of land in our
county. Stated differently, the planning process serves as a blueprint for
the logical development of the comprehensive plan, as well as the
formulation of effective implementation tools.
The process describes, through a logical sequence, the various land use
related factors that must be considered to effect the formulation of
responsible and meaningful land use policies and proposals. These factors
concern the following: the definition of county -wide goals; the inventory
and' analysis of land use, community facilities and utilities, and
environmental resource characteristics; the forecasting of population levels
and the county's economic vitality; the comprehension of issues, both
technical and citizen related; the development of policies to resolve and/or
address the relevant issues, and the transformation of policies into the
plan map and attendant implementation tools.
The planning process is continual. It involves not only the formulation of
the comprehensive plan document, its implementation through the application
and use of various regulatory tools, but also continual monitoring and
periodic updating. The success of the planning process in Whatcom County
relies heavily upon the county's ability to keep the major components of the
plan current. Thus, the plan should be updated every five years by the
Planning Commission and such revisions should adhere to the various
sequential stages of the planning process.
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The Comprehensive Plan for the Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea includes the
necessary information for the appropriate formulation of land use decisions
by both the public and private sectors of Whatcom County. The components of
the Plan include the following:
1. Subarea Aescrlption: To generally define Subarea characteristics and
establish issue topics, as determined by area residents, the Planning
Commission, planning staff, and Jones and Associates, the consulting
firm which prepared the background planning study for the Subarea.
2. Population Forecasts: To correlate anticipated population levels with
the land use policies and map.
3. Goal Statements: To provide the overall direction for land use
planning in Whatcom County.
4. Rationale and Locational Criteria: To establish the necessity of the
land use designations and the spatial requirements to be utilized for
policy application to the Comprehensive Plan Map.
5. Policies: To provide the primary decision -making tools required to
resolve the land use, community facility and utility,
transportation/circulation, and environmental issues of the Subarea.
6. Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map: To reflect the spatial distribution
of the policy statements; perhaps the most widely utilized component of
the Comprehensive Plan.
7. Amendment Criteria: To assist both the public and private sectors with
respect to revisions of the Comprehensive Plan Policies and Map.
8. Adoption Certification: To acknowledge the acceptance by the Whatcom
County Planning Commission and Council, and the Boundary Review Board,
of the Goal Statements and the Subarea Policies and Map.
4
subarea
description
II. SUBAREA DESCRIPTION
General
The Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea encompasses approximately 63 square miles.
The boundaries are formed by Bay and Harksell roads on the north, Aldrich
and Wiser Lake roads on the east, Slater Road on the south and the Strait of
Georgia and Birch Bay on the west. The City of Ferndale, with a 1980
population of 3,855, is the predominant residential and commercial node of
the Subarea.
Findings
In November 1979, Jones and Associates, in fulfillment of a contract with
the Whatcom County Planning Department, submitted a Comprehensive Planning
Study for the Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea of Whatcom County. A portion of
the study contains descriptions of existing conditions within the Subarea
for land use, the physical environmental setting, transportation/
circulation, utilities and community facilities. Additionally, the report
identified specific issues for the aforementioned topics. It is intended in
the process of plan revision that issues identified by all participants
(consultant, staff, Planning Commission and citizens) shall be resolved
and/or addressed by adoption of specific policy statements by Whatcom
County.
Excluding the City of Ferndale, the study area contains 37,229 acres. The
( primary land use of the Subarea is agriculture, consisting of 27,594 acres.
This acreage includes uses related to full-time commercial or part-time
farming activity and is situated in the Nooksack River floodplain, between
Ferndale and the Cherry Point industrial area, and in the northeast portion
of the study area. Forest cover, a major secondary use, consists of
5,786 acres and is generally located west of Ferndale in the Cherry Point
area and near Birch Bay. Single-family residential and industrial
activities are also major uses in the Subarea, consisting of 2,221 and
2,155 acres respectively. Residential uses predominate adjacent to Ferndale
and in the North Bellingham and Point Whitehorn areas. Industrial uses are
concentrated in the Cherry Point area where a potential exists for continued
development based upon deepwater port, rail and road access. A significant
visual and land use characteristic is vacant land which comprises
1,402 acres. Retail commercial areas are situated in the West
Smith/Northwest roads and Portal Way areas. Other land uses, such as light
industry and public, are minimal.
The physical environment of the study area includes six shorelines (Terrell
Creek, Nooksack River, Ten Mile Creek, Lake Terrell, Tennant Lake, Barrett
Lake). All of the shorelines are subject to flooding and also provide
wildlife habitats. Areas located near Lake Terrell, Tennant Lake, Gulf Road
and the Terrell Creek outlet have been identified as critical wildlife
habitats in the Washington Environmental Atlas. Other aspects of the study
area identified locations having variable groundwater levels with certain
areas being subject to seasonally high water tables.
Urban type services, such as sewer and water facilities, are generally
available within the Ferndale city limits. Although Ferndale will sell
water to users outside its incorporated area, sewer service is not extended
unless the property to be served is annexed to the city. Other water users
are primarily served by individual on -site wells, water associations,
Whatcom County Water District No. 8 or P.U.D. *1.
Community facilities, such as law enforcement agencies, fire protection,
health care and recreational facilities, are thought to be adequate.
Educational facilities in the study area are not overcrowded.
The existing roadway system is thought to provide an adequate level of
service. However, some segments of major arterials are substandard, and a
number of intersections have a high accident ratio.
Citizen Participation and Subarea Issues
The issues of the Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea are associated with land
use, community facilities and utilities, transportation/circulation, and the
physical environment. Issue development has its origin in the Subarea
background planning study, as conducted by Jones and Associates, and has
been augmented by inputs from the Subarea citizens, Ferndale officials and
the Whatcom County Planning Commission. The Whatcom County planning staff
presented the issues to Subarea citizens at four separate meetings and
proposed policies, intended to address or resolve the issues, were later
presented to the Subarea citizens at two separate meetings. (A detailed
list of issues can be found in the Appendix of the Jones Planning Study).
The following is a summary of issues as presented to Subarea citizens.
The area adjacent to the City of Ferndale includes several major land use
issues as reiterated by Subarea citizens. Of utmost concern is deter -mining
the most effective method of reserving land for future urban development
while avoiding the occurrence of nonurban uses and densities which typically
present land use transition and service conflicts. Other issues involve the
definition of urban and rural services consistent with geographic location,
future transportation planning, and conservation of environmental features.
A predominate land use pattern exists in the North Bellingham area which is
characterized by low density residential enclaves situated within a rural
setting. The major concern to area residents is maintenance of the
residential -rural character while retaining future options regarding the
provision of urban services and attendant urban densities.
Of particular concern to residents of the nonurban rural portions of the
Subarea is the recognition of large contiguous areas which are not
considered as a prime land for either agriculture or urban uses. Because of
the soil conditions, absence of existing or planned services, and a very low
density land use pattern, the major issue relates to the most appropriate
application of a future land use designation. Inherent in such land use
designations must be provisions for maintaining the rural character,
allowing a multiplicity of uses, and acknowledging the physical and cultural
limitations of the area.
The major issue involved with agriculture is expansion of the existing
Agricultural land use designation to accommodate those commercial
agricultural pursuits situated in the Nooksack River floodplain and on Prime
Farmland soils as classified by the Soil Conservation Service and the
Cooperative Extension Service. A related issue involves minimizing the
pressure on commercial agricultural land for conversion to nonagricultural
6
E
uses; thereby encouraging the continuation and conservation of Whatcom
County agricultural activities.
A predominant land use pattern in the Subarea is associated with the heavy
industry located at Cherry Point. Issues that arose as a result of the
existing and effective buffering of surrounding nonindustrial uses, the
concern that major industrial developments will cause a need for improved
services and facilities, and to what extent major industrial operations
should be financially responsible for such services. A related issue
involves the need to provide land in optimal locations for spin-off light
im industrial uses.
The major issues concerning Subarea transportation planning include the
identification of major arterials linking the Cherry Point industrial area
with I-5, the coordination of transportation planning with the City of
Ferndale, and the consideration of alternative transportation modes
consistent with demand levels.
The response to and guideline for resolving the aforementioned issues is
contained within the policies of this document.
El
10 7
III. POPULATION FORECASTS
Introduction
The purpose of population forecasting as it relates to land use planning is
to accommodate the long-term spatial requirements of various land uses, such
as residential, commercial, industrial, recreational and public uses.
Population forecasting may also be of assistance in decision making for land
use related matters such as determining the appropriate scale and location
of public works facilities and land development activities. In addition,
population forecasts are subject to revision and as such, revision may be
accomplished in the five-year comprehensive plan update process.
The population information contained herein is a summary of the forecasts
prepared by various agencies. Because of the technical difficulties
involved with current and projected population assessment on a Subarea
basis, the information is presented by total county, incorporated community
and unincorporated county. Furthermore, this information has been utilized
in a qualitative manner, or as a general guideline, rather than as a
specific numerical forecast. To relate this information to the Cherry
Point -Ferndale Comprehensive Plan, the following assumptions are
established:
1. Unincorporated areas situated adjacent to Ferndale will tend to
experience growth at the same rate as Ferndale, and this growth will
tend to concentrate primarily in the URBAN RESERVE area and secondarily
in the RESIDENTIAL RURAL area.
Z. Unincorporated areas not situated in immediate proximity to Ferndale
will tend to experience growth at the unincorporated county -wide rate,
and this growth will tend to be situated in RURAL areas.
Tables A, B and C, respectively, relate to Ferndale, unincorporated Whatcom
County and total Whatcom County population forecasts. Figures 1, 2 and 3
present this information in a graphical format. The remainder of the
information summarizes the various assumptions and variables which affect
the included population forecasts.
M
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0
7,000
—J
.
(L
0
is
00
2,000
RESEARCH
AGENCY 1870
1980
1985
U.S. CENSUS 2,164
3,653
ANNUAL
GROWTH RATES
1070 - 1980 1980 - I090
S.3800- PER YEAR 4.79% PER YEAR
^Refer to nogc 13 for footnotes. g
1990
1995
2000
5,020
6,530
6,752
8`335
8,04I
10,040
6,07S
7)544
9.341
1990 2000
4.40t PER YEAR
p
FIGURE 2 '
UNINCORPORATED WHATCOM COUNTY
POPULATION TRENDS AND FORECASTS: 1970-2000
0000's)
90 r
80
lT
Z
O
< 60
J
Q.
50
WCCOG
/ . Mean
/ • •/ • Mt. West
Jov .••�•
1970
1975 19801
1985
1990
1995
YEAR
TABLE B
UNINCORPORATED WHATCOM
COUNTY
POPULATION
TRENDS AND
FORECASTS:
1970
- 2000
ESE
1970 1980
1985
1990
1995
—AGENCY
U.S. CENSUS 34,004 47,6521
SIT. WEST2
44,238
52,441
58,621
66,987
WCCOG3
46,451
55,340
64,305
73,603
MEAN 45,345 53,891 61,463 70,295
ANNUAL GROWTH RATES
1970 - 1980 1980 - 1990
3.43% PER YEARS 3,09% PER YEAR
*Refer to page 13 for footnotes.
Iff]
1990 - 2000
2.84% PER YEAR
FIGURE
TOTAL WHATCOM COUNTY
POPULATION TRENDS AND FORCASTS: 1970-2000
(1000',)
190
! WCCOG
ISO /
170 /
Mt, West
160 ! ��•Mean
�:'•••�.OFM
150 �•.•BPA
z }40
0 �
Q 130
%
p 120
fl ••�.
��•I
•�. r
100
90 •'
a0
1970 1975 1990, 1985 1990 1"5 2000
YEAR
TABLE C
TOTAL WHATCOM COUNTY POPULATION TRENDS AND
FORECASTS: 1970 - 2000
RESEARCH
AGENCY 1970
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
U.S. CENSUS 81,983
103,9411
MT. WFS,1'2
101,497
117,578
129,758
146,013
164,241
WCCgG3
104,876
122,300
141,160
160,623
184,91.0
OFM
103,100
115,700
128,569
142,470
153,841
BPA8
102,350
113,62S
123,925
132,7S0
141',3SO
MEAN 102,9S64 117,301 130,853 14S,464' • 161,086
ANNUAL GROWTH RATES
1970 - 1980 1980 - 1990 1990 - 2000
2.40% PER YEAR 2.43% PER YEAR 2.10% PER YEAR
*Refer to page 13 for footnotes. 11
Assumptions Relating to Population Forecasts
All population forecasts are based on assumptions which affect the numerical
results, and population forecasting agencies do not make the same assumptions.
The following items are intended to present an overview of assumptions as they
relate to Whatcom County populations:
1. In-migration9 will continue to substantially contribute to population
increases at the Washington State and Whatcom County levels.
2. The trend of decreasing family size and population per household will
continue.
3. Labor market potential and location will affect population distribution, and
gross natural increase and in -migration levels.
4. The purpose of the populations forecast affects assumption utilization,
which in turn affects the results.
Variables Affecting Population Forecasts
Agencies which prepare population forecasts often make revisions due to changes
in the variables related to assumptions. The following variables are intended as
an overview for potential Whatcom County population forecast revisions and may
not affect all the agencies whose forecasts are contained herein:
1. Changes in Whatcom County birth, death and in -migration
rates.
2. Changes in
the level of industrial development and the
related labor market
potential
of the Cherry Point area, as well as other
locations within the
county.
3. Changes in
the Canadian economy and the related level of
Canadian spending"
in Whatcom
County.
4. Changes in
the demand for local resources (agriculture,
forestry, fishing
and mining
raw materials or products) with respect to
local consumption or
state, national or international export markets.
*Refer to page 13 for footnotes.
12
e p e CA
population
pe,
Footnotes
1 Preliminary 1980 U.S. Census figures, July 1980.
2 Mountain West Research, Preliminary Population Forecasts as contained within
the Demographic Impacts Supplement to the Chicago Bridge and Iron
Environmental Impact Statement, June 1980. (Figures are subject to revision)
3 Whatcom County Council of Governments, Population Forecasts, June 1980.
4 The preliminary U.S. Census figure is not included in the mean calculation.
5 Growth rate based upon U.S. Census figures.
6 Growth rate based upon mean population forecast figures.
7 Office of Financial Management, "Special Report *24," November 1979.
8 Bonneville Power Administration, Population, Employment and Households
Projected to 2000, July 1979.
9 In -migration is equal to total population less natural increase, in which
natural increase is equal to total births less total deaths.
10 The Whatcom County Council of Government's population forecast exhibits a high
correlation with that of the Canadian Impact Study; thus, it is presumed to
accommodate Canadian spending.
13
a H
�oa.l
statements
IV. GOAL STATEMENTS
The following goals provide the general direction. for making land use
decisions in the Subarea and Whatcom County as a whole. They were developed
and adopted by the Planning Commission and County Council in July 1979.
A. Regional -Design Goals:
1. Future urban development should occur within or immediately
adjacent to existing urban areas in order to eliminate sprawl and
strip development, assure the provision of an adequate range of
urban services, conserve agricultural and forestry lands, optimize
investments in public services and conserve energy resources.
2. Future development in rural areas should be low density,
complement existing rural character, contribute to the
conservation of agricultural and forest land, and not result in
demands for urban -level services.
B. Growth Management Goals:
1. To promote a conscientious program designed to plan, guide and
influence the appropriate location, timing, intensity, type and
servicing of diverse land use patterns.
2. To determine the required amounts of land anticipated to be
utilized within the planning period (16 years) while retaining
options for future land use decisions beyond the planning period.
3. To encourage a predictable pattern of urban and rural development
which utilizes previously committed land areas and existing
facility investments before committing new areas for development.
4. To ensure that a beneficial balance exists between the supply and
demand for public services. To encourage the cooperation among
municipalities, special districts, and associations in the
planning and provision of public services. To discourage the
proliferation of unnecessary special purpose districts.
b. To develop a concise, equitable, and practical set of land use
regulations intended to implement the goals, policies and
proposals of the County Comprehensive Plan in a timely and orderly
fashion.
C. Land Use Goals:
1. To conserve the agricultural and forest lands of Whatcom County
for the continued production of food, forage and timber crops
while promoting the expansion and stability of the county's
agricultural and forestry economies.-
2. Urban residential development should be planned in areas that can
be economically and efficiently served with existing or planned
services, optimize energy use, function as integral neighborhood
units, and can environmentally support intensive land uses.
14
D.
R.
3. Adequate community and neighborhood commercial facilities should
be encouraged in appropriate locations while avoiding incompatible
land uses and the proliferation of unnecessary new commercial
areas.
4. To encourage a balanced and diversified economy in order to assure
desirable local employment opportunities, and to strengthen and
stabilize the tax base. To accommodate anticipated economic
development in an environmentally responsible manner with due
consideration for public cost, energy availability, land use
compatibility and transportation accessibility.
5. To promote the availability of economical and attractive housing
for all income, age and ethnic groups, while also enhancing the
integrity and identity of existing communities.
6. To promote a functional, coordinated and multi -mode transportation
system which provides for the safe and efficient movement of
people and goods, avoids undesirable environmental impacts, and
optimizes public investments and the conservation of energy
resources.
7. Adequate facilities and services which provide diverse education,
recreation, cultural and social opportunities should be
encouraged.
Cultural and Natural Resources:
1. To identify and manage environmentally sensitive areas in such a
manner as to prevent destruction of the resource base and reduce
potential losses to property and human life.
2. To continue the identification of cultural and natural resources
and formulate viable methods to preserve and conserve such
resources in recognition of their irreplaceable character.
3. To promote a park and recreation system which is integrated with
existing and planned land use patterns, and is diverse, abundant
and assures maximum public access and usage.
Citizen Involvement and Intergovernmental Coordination:
1. To assure opportunity for citizens to be involved in the
formulation of land use goals, policies and proposals, and to
provide a structure for citizen participation in the planning
program of federal, state, regional and local agencies.
2. To participate in intergovernmental coordination with federal,
state, provincial, regional and local agencies, to develop a
coordinated approach to problems which transcend local government
bodies and to create an environment for the exchange of
information and technical assistance.
15
1,7"),
epE,d
I'll,
land use
designations
rat- tonate and
tocational Criteria
V.
j
e e cni,!",
RATIONALE & LOCATIONAL CRITERIA FOR LAND USE DESIGNATIONS
The comprehensive land use map, together with the policies, designates the
most appropriate locations for the various land use patterns of the Subarea.
The land use designations as illustrated on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use
Map represent the most appropriate uses of land in the Subarea for the
planning period. These designations have been developed as a means of
addressing or resolving particular land use issues. To be consistent in the
application of the designations, as well as to avoid confusion about how the
land use map was drawn, the following rationale and locational criteria for
each land use designation is set forth.
A. URBAN RESERVE
Rationale:
It is a well established fact in the western U. S. that urban areas have
traditionally responded to growth pressures by adhering to policies of
outward expansion. As long as this trend continues, there will be an almost
constant demand for land, the most fundamental of all urban resources.
Although outward urban expansion is accepted as a common city planning
practice, problems have typically arisen when potential urban lands have
been committed to long-term "nonurban" uses. Primarily caused by the lack
of written public policy among governmental jurisdictions, this situation
has resulted in uncoordinated and costly service systems, inefficient
transportation networks, and unmanageable land use patterns.
As a means of curbing this situation that is currently developing in the
urban "fringe areas" of the county, the revised Comprehensive Plan
establishes the URBAN RESERVE land use designation. The rationale
underlying the designation is to reserve certain land in the fringe areas of
cities for future urban purposes and encourage interim uses that are
complementary and compatible with future urban densities and service levels.
When urban services are eventually provided to this area, land use densities
shall increase and result in an orderly, economic and expeditious transition
from rural to urban land use patterns. Thus, the URBAN RESERVE designation
is defined as those areas adjacent to municipal boundaries which may be
urbanized at such time that a full range of urban services (sewer, water,
fire and police) can be efficiently provided. In addition, land proposed
for annexation to an adjacent municipality shall be evaluated by the
Boundary Review Board pursuant to RCW 36.93.170.
Locational Criteria:
The criteria to be utilized for the application of the URBAN RESERVE
designation includes the following:
1. Land areas adjacent to the City of Ferndale that are of sufficient
size. to adequately accommodate the projected demands for
residential, commercial, industrial, transportation and public
land uses for a ten- to fifteen -year time frame.
2. Land areas where a range of urban level services, i.e. sewer,
water, fire and police protection, and parks and recreation,
presently exist or can be economically and efficiently expanded in
the near future.
16
FZ e P e a
3. Areas that contain an adequate supply of vacant urbanizable land
to avoid the artificial inflation of land values.
4. The boundaries of the URBAN RESERVE designation should:
a. be well defined, logical, provide a physical "sense of
community", and be capable . of being expanded to accommodate
additional urban growth as the need arises; and
b. acknowledge existing and potential land use densities as to
their urban or rural character. Urban land use densities
should be included within the urban service areas; whereas,
rural land use densities may be grounds for excluding such
areas.
B. RESIDENTIAL RURAL
Rationale:
Not all citizens desire to live in concentrated urban areas but instead
desire a setting of less density. This netting commonly implies that urban
level services are not available, roadway traffic is minimal and that the
natural landscape is visually different than urban areas. However, citizens
desirous of such an environmental setting usually rely on urban amenities
and are not solely self-sufficient. The RESIDENTIAL RURAL designation then
is intended to provide the opportunity of a nonurban living experience while
minimizing public service costs.
Locational Criteria:
The RESIDENTIAL RURAL land use designation should be applied to land areas
where past public commitments have been made for moderately dense
residential, public and commercial uses; where a full range of urban level
services are not planned; and where capital improvements to existing
roadways are only maintenance oriented.
C. RURAL
Rationale:
Certain lands of the county may be considered to be in transition between
previous full-time agricultural or forestry activities, and current
residential and/or industrial uses. The present land use pattern is
characterized by part- to full-time farming or forestry and low density
residential activity. This type of landscape can be considered as "rural,"
an area containing a combination of pastureland, cropland, woodlots and
dispersed settlement land use patterns.
Dispersed settlement patterns are perhaps caused by the absence of past and
future public commitments concerning the provision of sewer, water and
roadway improvements. Additionally, physical conditions (soils, water or
topography) may have imposed constraints to development. These factors will
continue to affect land use trends during the planning period.
17
P
These areas may also contain nonrenewable natural resources, such as soils
which contribute to agricultural productivity, or sand and gravel deposits
suitable for extraction.
The rural areas of Whatcom County offer alternative residential living
styles compared to that of the urban or moderately dense residential
setting. Employment alternatives also exist that are associated with part -
to full-time agriculture, forestry and home occupations. In addition, the
existing parcel sizes are sufficient to accommodate future land use
disposition, beyond the planning period, as agricultural, industrial or
moderate density residential areas.
Thus, the RURAL designation is important in the Subarea Plan in that it
provides flexibility concerning low density residential, forestry and
agricultural land uses while retaining future private and public options
pertaining to land management.
Locational Criteria:
To define those locales where the RURAL designation may be applicable,
criteria concerning "rural" character, social factors and physical
conditions are employed. To be designated as RURAL, a majority of the
criteria must pertain.
"Rural" character is defined by dwelling unit density, average parcel size
and land use history. Dwelling unit density should be less than or equal to
one (1) dwelling unit per five (5) acres and average parcel size should be
greater than or equal to five (5) acres. Land use history should indicate a
blend of part- and full-time agriculture, forestry and low density
residential activities.
Social factors relate to public expenditures for sewer, water and roadway
provision. During the planning period, such areas have.not been designated
for city or county provision of sewer and water. Likewise, public
expenditures for construction of or improvements to roadway systems have not
been planned.
Physical conditions relate to developmental constraints or future access to
nonrenewable natural resources. Developmental constraints pertain to soils
and water. For example, soils which contribute to seasonally high water
tables or have -very slow permeability rates may impact efficient septic tank
operation. Excessive depths to the regional water table, undependable
surface water sources and areas of groundwater (aquifer) recharge may limit
both agricultural and residential opportunities.
Future access and utilization options pertain to nonrenewable natural
resources such as soil types and geological units. Such areas may contain a
majority of soils designated as Farmlands of Statewide Importance (soils
which may contribute to agricultural productivity) or geological units
composed of sand and gravel which are suitable for extraction (Bellingham
Glaciomarine Drift, Sumas Outwash or Terrace Deposits).
Thus, the RURAL Locational Criteria are intended to define areas of multiple
land use suitability (agriculture, forestry, mining and low density
residential) as contrasted with those areas where a single land use may be
appropriate.
18
B. AGRICULTURAL
Rationale:
The AGRICULTURAL land use designation is necessary to identify areas
suitable for the practice of commercial agriculture. Commercial agriculture
is a significant industry in Whatcom County and potentially more significant
as indicated by the currently estimated farm gate income of $76 million
dollars. Related industries add perhaps another $100 million dollars to the
economy as a direct result of agricultural production. As significant as
agriculture is to the local economy of the county, agricultural lands are
often used for other purposes, namely urban uses. Urban encroachment can
raise the assessed valuation, resulting in higher property taxes for the
farmer. Premature urban development frequently forces the farmer to sell
agricultural lands for urban purposes. This situation is especially
pronounced in the "Urban Fringe" areas of cities, the area where urban
growth pressures are most evident. However, the rapid rate of farmland
conversion nationwide is being recognized at the federal, state and local
levels of government. Increasingly, communities across the nation are
taking steps to inventory farmlands and devise techniques to preserve
farmland with the assistance and cooperation of the landowner/farmer.
As a means of addressing this emerging issue, the revised Comprehensive Plan
establishes the AGRICULTURAL designation, the rationale of which is to
promote agriculture by retaining lands suitable for commercial agricultural
pursuits.
Locational Criteria:
Physical and cultural characteristics are employed to designate areas for
commercial agricultural operations. The criteria are requirements for the
AGRICULTURAL designation and it is intended that when in evidence, the area
shall be designated as AGRICULTURAL. Physical characteristics include land
classified as "Prime Farmland" by the Soil Conservation Service and
Cooperative Extension Service and land defined as "Farmlands of Statewide
Importance" by the soil Conservation Service. Cultural characteristics
include areas: where the predominant land uses are full- of part-time
agricultural operations, including silviculture, and it is evident that no
commitment to nonfarm uses other than dwelling units has been made; where
urban services, i.e. sewer and water, are not planned; where the land use
history indicates farming has been a viable land use or a potentially viable
use; and where there is a pattern of capital investment in agricultural
operations.
E. PUBLIC
Rationale:
This designation recognizes those parcels and facilities currently in or
planned for public ownership where the primary function is to provide public
services. The intent of this designation is to assure continuation and
potential expansion of acreages, facilities and services at levels
consistent with population requirements and effected in a manner that is
compatible with surrounding land uses.
19
(3 �
Locational Criteria:
To identify those areas appropriate for the PUBLIC designation, the
following criteria are employed:
1. Parcels are currently owned or considered for ownership by public
agencies such as the Federal Government, State of Washington,
Whatcom County, city properties situated outside of municipal
boundaries, and independent jurisdictions (Port of Bellingham and
Public Utility District *1); and
the primary function of parcel ownership is to provide public
services, i.e. recreation, education, utilities, communication,
transportation (not including roadways), solid waste disposal and
health care.
F. LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARK
Rationale:
Currently, manufacturing assumes a significant role in the county's economy,
and this role is anticipated to continue in the future. It is incumbent
upon the county to provide a reasonable supply of land for uses ancillary to
the heavy impact industrial area, as well as other manufacturing and
commercial sectors of the economy. One form of industrial land use is
characterized by the light industrial park.
A light industrial park is generally a pre —planned site, owned and managed
in common where a variety of light industrial uses occur that negligibly
impact surrounding areas. Uses primarily relate to distribution,
fabrication and storage functions -that optimize transportation access.
Light industrial parks offer economic advantages in that auxiliary functions
are shared for uses such as internal roadways, landscape maintenance,
security and power, sewer and water utilities, resulting in minimized cost
duplication for participating industrial interests.
The underlying rationale of the LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARK designation is to
supply a reasonable amount of land for anticipated light industrial and
related uses that will optimize transportation access, proximity to
industrial and urban areas, and compatibility with adjacent land uses while
expediting efficient public and private expenditures. Currently, services
may not be present; however, it is anticipated that these requisite factors
will be available in the future to foster development and augment the
county's economic base.
Locational Criteria:
Physical, transportation, land use suitability and cultural factors may be
analyzed to determine appropriate locations for LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARKS.
Physical factors consist of generally level terrain and soils having good
drainage and bearing capacity. Transportation factors apply to the
availability of direct rail and major arterial and/or freeway access.
Land use suitability pertains to parcels generally ranging from 40 to
320 acres in size that are currently void of potentially incompatible uses.
Cultural factors are applicable to those areas where public sewer and water
20
e e
services exist or are planned, and where a three mile commuting distance
from population centers of greater than 1,000 people pertains.
G. HEAVY IMPACT INDUSTRY
Rationale:
In 1954 the Mobil Oil Company constructed an oil refinery at Cherry Point in
Whatcom County. That refinery was followed in 1966 by Intalco Aluminum, and
in 1971 by another oil refinery constructed by the Atlantic Richfield
Company (ARCO). Together these companies employ approximately 1,800 workers
and represent a significant part of the local economic base for the
manufacture of durable and nondurable goods.
The selection of the Cherry Point site by these companies was indicative of
a trend by industry, over the last several decades, to relocate away from
cities. Recognizing the requirements of modern industry and the commitment
to water -dependent industry at Cherry Point, Whatcom County designated
approximately 6,000 acres for heavy industry.
In designating a large land area for industrial uses at Cherry Point,
Whatcom County has acknowledged a commitment to provide a supply of vacant
land -capable of development, to meet the demand for heavy manufacturing uses
that are anticipated for the planning period. Additionally, Whatcom County
is promoting a diversified economy to assure local employment opportunities
and to strengthen the tax base.
Locational Criteria:
Two sets of locational criteria are utilized to designate areas for
industrial operations: the physical environmental setting and man-made
components of the environment. Any area under study for the applicable
designation of HEAVY IMPACT INDUSTRIAL should be sufficiently large, fiat,
well -drained and have good land bearing qualities. Man-made components
should include industrial rail service, good access for truck
transportation, an adequate supply of labor, utilities, and a site which is
relatively isolated from less intensive land uses. Moreover, the industrial
area should be within a reasonable commuting distance of available housing. {
Unique features such as deepwater access for ocean going shipping should
also be considered in site selection.
21
3 e"4s% N ^
policies
VI. POLICIES
Introduction
The policy section of the plan provides the basis to guide and influence the
appropriate location, type, intensity, timing and servicing of land use
patterns within the Subarea. The policies have been developed in accordance
with the county's planning process and are intended to respond to the myriad
of issues identified by the public and private sectors of the county.
Whereas the goal statements indicate "where we are going" with respect to
future land use decisions, the policies serve as statements of "how we get
there." Thus, the policies can be viewed as specific courses of action
intended to move toward the attainment of the County Goal Statements.
The following policies address the various land use designations illustrated
on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map, community facility and utilities,
environmental features and transportation.
22
A. URBAN RESERVE
Intent Statement
The primary purpose of the URBAN RESERVE policy is to promote an orderly
transition from rural land uses and densities to urban uses and densities, while
moving toward the attainment of the Regional Design Goal with respect to future
urban development. In addition, the policy intends to encourage the responsible
growth of urban areas by assuring that an adequate range of urban services
(sewer, water, fire and police protection) are available to support urban level
densities. When such services are available, development should occur in
neighborhood units which have appropriate levels of densities, uses and
circulation networks.
To facilitate future urban growth, the URBAN RESERVE policy is intended to
discourage the establishment of interim uses and subdivision patterns which may
foreclose significant future alternatives pertaining to urban densities and the
efficient provision of services. Moreover, this policy is intended to maintain,
prior to the approval of an accepted site specific plan for the implementation of
services, the low density character of the area and to allow reasonable uses of
property by permitting compatible residential, recreational, commercial,
industrial and agricultural land uses. Finally, the designation and application
of the URBAN RESERVE policy is intended to accomplish the following objectives:
1. To reduce urbanization and encroachment pressures on lands that are most
suitable to intensive agricultural or forestry operations.
2. To stabilize land speculation and the artificial inflation of land values in
the "urban fringe" by designating an adequate amount of land for urban
growth and uses during the planning period.
3. To provide land owners with a reasonable expectation of future municipal and
county land use policies.
4. To reduce inequitable taxing structures on nonurban land located near
urbanizing areas.
5. To conserve energy resources by reducing unnecessary travel between living,
shopping and work places.
6. To encourage -the conservation of natural resources and environmentally
sensitive areas, both within and outside of the .area designated as URBAN
RESERVE.
Policv Statement
1.01 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to recognize the City of Ferndale
as the primary urban service authority for lands surrounding its current
municipal boundaries. To facilitate the future urbanization •of certain
lands lying within the 1972 Ferndale Service Area, Whatcom County does
hereby designate such lands as URBAN RESERVE on the Comprehensive Plan Land
Use Map. The boundaries of the URBAN RESERVE designation have been
delineated in conformance with the Locational Criteria, as set forth in the
previous section. The predominant land use pattern within the URBAN RESERVE
area shall be residential and related forms, including neighborhood parks.
23
r ..
Secondary land uses shall include commercial and light manufacturing
functions, as provided in Policies 1.08 and 1.09.
1.02 Within the area designated as URBAN RESERVE, the future land use patterns
are intended to be urban. Similarly, the level of services should be urban
in nature. Thus, future urban development shall be provided with public
sewer and water, fire and police protection, and standard transportation and
drainage systems. If services are provided by the City of Ferndale, service
levels shall be consistent with appropriate city standards and policies.
If, however, Whatcom County is designated in the future as a viable service
entity, the Whatcom County Comprehensive Sewer and Water Plan, and
Engineering Design Standards and Specifications shall be amended to define
the precise urban level standards to be applied.
1.03 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage the placement and/or
extension of sewer and water lines in a manner that is contiguous to
existing development(s). Such phased line placement is intended to
discourage the occurrence of "leapfrog" development within the area
designated as URBAN RESERVE.
1.04 To move toward the implementation of the county's urban residential land use
goal and to further the intent of the URBAN RESERVE land use designation, it
is the policy of Whatcom County to participate with the City of Ferndale in
the designation and planning of future urban neighborhoods. These
neighborhoods should be based on the following commonly accepted
criteria: sufficient size, utilization of man-made and/or natural
boundaries (roads, railroad tracks, rivers and topography); the manageable
and efficient provision of sewer, water and transportation services; and an
available supply of vacant developable land. The components of a
neighborhood should include the following: an elementary school, if
necessary; recreational facilities, including neighborhood parks;
neighborhood commercial uses; a variety of residential structures and uses,
including mobile homes; and efficient pedestrian and vehicular circulation
networks.
1.05 To reserve residential lands, within the URBAN RESERVES area for the eventual
conversion to urban densities, it is the policy of Whatcom County to
establish a land use density that shall not exceed one (1) dwelling unit per
five (5) acres in size. To implement this policy, Whatcom County shall
amend its Interim Zoning Map from Suburban District - Three (3) Families Per
Acre, Suburban Farm One Acre and General Protection to the Urban Residential
zoning district.
1.06 At such time that urban level services (sewer and water) can be provided to
a designated neighborhood area, Section .251 of the Urban Residential zoning
district shall be applicable. Pursuant to Section .301 and applicable to
the immediate area of sewer and water line service, the allowable lot size
shall be decreased from five (5) acres to 12,000 square feet per residential
dwelling unit. However, if certain lands situated within the designated
neighborhood are annexed to the City of Ferndale, the appropriate
residential zone of the city shall be utilized, as determined by the City of
Ferndale.
1.07 Lands within the Urban Reserve area may, however, be developed prior to the
provision of urban services from the City of Ferndale. Developments
proposed prior to the provision of such services shall be designed in such a
24
manner as to be complementary to the eventual conversion to urban
patterns and logical transportation and service extensions. To acco,
this option, proposed developments shall (a) be designed as a c1L
subdivision; (b) adhere to a maximum density of one (1) dwelling unit i
five (5) acres; (c) contain lot sizes consistent with Whatcom County Healt"
Board Rules and Regulations; (d) be planned in relationship to the city's
future neighborhood transportation network; (e) be compatible with the
city's planned sewer and water service corridors; and, (f) be harmonious
with the city's future annexation program.
1.07.1 The cluster method of subdivision is defined as an alternative
method of creating building parcels that involves:
(a) The concentration of spatially efficient and marketable
building lots while preserving the intent of the land use
district; and
(b)' The retention of options for future uses and densities by
treating the land as both a commodity and a resource.
The density of the use district defines the number of
allowable dwelling units per land area but does not define
lot size. Lot size is determined by the landowner and
Whatcom County Health Board Rules and Regulations concerning
soil percolation rates. Land area not used for building
purposes is designated as "Reserve Tract" and should be used
for open space purposes until such time that sewer and water
services can be provided by the City of Ferndale. Upon the
provision of such services, said Reserve Tract will be
appropriate for residential densities consistent with the
City of Ferndale.
1.08 The existing land use pattern in the Portal Way corridor, between Trigg Road
and I-5, is a mixture of low density residential, highway -oriented
commercial and agricultural land uses. With the provision of urban
services, this area will realize a more intensive land use pattern in the
future. To accommodate the transition to urban densities and uses, the
following policies are provided:
1.08.1 To designate the Portal Way corridor as URBAN RESERVE on the
Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map.
1.08.2 To acknowledge the existence of the .general commercial land use
pattern situated between the Newkirk Road area southward to the
Interstate 5 overpass; however, to discourage the northerly
expansion of commercial uses beyond the Newkirk Road area.
1.08.3 To contain the general commercial land use pattern in the Trigg,
Portal Way and Enterprise Road area and discourage the.northward
expansion along Enterprise Road and southward expansion along
Portal Way.
1.08.4 To implement the commercial nodes acknowledged in Policies 1.08.2
and 1.08.3, the General Commercial zoning district shall be
applied.
25
IM 1.08.5 With reference to future commercial developments occurring within
the nodes established in Policies 1.08.2 and 1.08.3, it is the
policy of Whatcom County to encourage the preservation of the
existing vegetative screen along I-5 and Portal Way.
1.09 Locations exist within the area designated as URBAN RESERVE which may not be
readily incorporated into neighborhood units due to existing nonresidential
land uses. When urban service (sewer and water, and police and fire
protection) are provided to these .locations, both residential and
nonresidential land uses will intensify. To acknowledge these locations and
ensure compatibility between future urban uses, the following policies are
provided:
1.09.1 To implement the existing light industrial land use in the
Thornton Road and I-5 area, the Light Impact Industrial zoning
district shall be applied.
1.09.2 To implement the existing commercial uses situated in a portion of
the area adjacent to Frontage Road and between West Smith and
Byers roads, the General Commercial zoning district shall be
utilized.
1.09.3 It is the policy of Whatcom County to require a site periphery
buffer for nonresidential land uses occurring in the areas
established in Policies 1.09.1 and 1.09.2. The purpose of the
buffer is to minimize visual disturbances to both adjacent
residential land uses and passing motorists.
1.10 At present, several productive agricultural or stable large lot residential
land use forms exist within the area designated as URBAN RESERVE. Because
of their well -established nature, it is conceivable that such areas may not
be converted to urban densities in the future. As urbanization occurs on
the periphery of these areas, it is important to maintain their respective
character and stability while ensuring against detrimental impacts. Thus,
the following design standards shall be applied to adjacent urban
development:
1.10.1 Residential subdivisions and other urban uses shall buffer
themselves with adequate landscaping, screening or fencing to
prevent the encroachment of vehicles, pedestrians, animals and
nuisances onto less intensively utilized parcels.
1.10.2 Where practicable, subdivision and other urban uses shall be
designed in such a manner as to channel their activity sources
(vehicular and pedestrian networks) to the interior spaces of the
site.
1.11 As part of the effort to effectively manage urban growth, the City of
Ferndale has stated that a need exists to be constantly aware of land use,
service and transportation changes proposed within the Cherry Point -Ferndale
Subarea. So that the city may be aware of major Subarea activities which
may affect its best interests, the following policies are provided:
1.11.1 It is herein the joint policy of the city and county to establish
the Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea as the city's "Sphere of
Influence Area."
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1.11.2 To further a joint exchange of information, Whatcom County shall
send copies of applications of major land use, transportation and
service entity activities proposed within the Subarea to the City
of Ferndale within fifteen (15) days of application receipt by the
county.
1.11.3 The City of Ferndale shall send copies of future proposals
concerning the expansion of the 1972 Ferndale Service Area
boundary to the Whatcom County Planning Department. The purpose
of such referral is to afford the county's input in the
delineation of the boundary, as well as any related Comprehensive
Plan and zone district changes.
1.12 While it is not anticipated that adjustments to the URBAN RESERVE land use
designation will be necessary within the planning period, unexpected
population growth of the Subarea may result in a need to expand the area
designated as URBAN RESERVE. If such need exists, the Comprehensive Plan
should be amended consistent with the Amendment Criteria Section to include
additional urbanizable land commensurate with the demand.
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B. RESIDENTIAL RURAL POLICY
Intent Statement
The primary intent of the RESIDENTIAL RURAL designation is to provide an
opportunity for citizens to live in a nonurban residential environment
characterized by low density residential settlements which are integrated with
agricultural and woodlot land use forms. In addition, this designation is
intended to acknowledge existing low density residential land use patterns in
which a full range of services (sewer and water) are not currently planned;
however, realizing that provision of these services and concomitant densities may
be considered as a future option. As a means of efficiently utilizing land,
maintaining the present low density residential character and retaining future
options regarding increased densities and service provision, it is the intent of
the RESIDENTIAL RURAL designation to provide for the option to the applicant of
"clustering" in the design of new subdivision proposals.
Policv Statement
1.01 Recognizing the past public commitments that have been made for low density
residential and related uses, it is the policy of Whatcom County to
designate the area commonly known as North Bellingham as RESIDENTIAL RURAL
and depict it as such on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map.
1.02 Within the area designated as RESIDENTIAL RURAL, typical uses shall include
single-family attached and detached dwellings, preferably in a "cluster"
formation; public parks and recreation facilities; agriculture and related
uses; home occupations; and neighborhood grocery stores.
1.03 Whatcom County shall implement the RESIDENTIAL RURAL designation by
application of a Residential Rural zoning district, in which the overall
density of development shall not exceed one (1) dwelling unit per acre,
unless Ferndale water is available, in which case the overall density of
development may be increased to not more than two (2) dwelling units per
acre. The purpose of this zoning district is to maintain the low density
residential character of the area, retain future public and private options
with respect to land use density and service requirements, and to provide to
the applicant the option of "clustering" in the design of new subdivisions;
thus promoting economical lot design, energy conservation and a reduction in
development costs.
1.04 Within the Residential Rural zoning district, new land subdivision for
residential purposes shall be designed consistent with the following
policies:
1.04.1 The overall density of development pertinent to the original
parcel of record shall not exceed one (1) dwelling per acre,
unless Ferndale water is available, in which case the overall
density of development may be increased to not more than two (2)
dwelling units per acre.
1.04.2 To minimize encroachments (ingress and egress) along existing
county roads, subdivision design shall be discouraged from forming
lineal residential patterns adjacent to said roads.
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1.04.3 When practicable, structures on open landscapes should be sited
and designed to minimize disruption of views from adjacent
properties and public roadways. In addition, it is preferred that
residential structures be placed at the perimeter of fields or
within existing wooded areas.
1.04.4 When a "cluster" subdivision is situated adjacent to less
intensive land use designations (AGRICULTURAL or RURAL), the
subdivision shall be buffered at the site periphery to prevent the
encroachment of vehicles, .pedestrians, animals and nuisances onto
other less intensively utilized areas.
C. RURAL POLICY
Intent Statement
The primary purpose of the RURAL policy is to provide areas of multiple use
suitability; such as agriculture, forestry, mining, low density residential and
home occupations. The multiple use potential of RURAL areas may be contrasted
with those of other areas within which past commitments (for example, residential
subdivisions) or resource availability, such as agricultural soils or timber
stands, have dictated single land use suitability.
An additional purpose of the policy is to move toward attainment of the Regional
Design Goal with respect to future rural development in which residential density
should be low, not result in a demand for urban services (sewer and water),
conserve agricultural and forest lands, and complement the existing "rural"
character. The "rural" character may be defined as an area where there is a
mixture of pastureland, cropland, woodlots and dispersed settlement land forms.
The RURAL policy is also intended to acknowledge physical and cultural factors
which currently are and, during the planning period, will continue to be
limitations to higher densities. Physical factors relate to soil percolation
rates, depth to groundwater level and steep topography; whereas, cultural factors
pertain to the absence of sewer, water and circulation networks. Moreover, this
policy intends to conserve environmentally fragile areas and retain future access
options with respect to nonrenewable natural resources (sand and gravel suitable
for extraction and soils which may contribute to agricultural productivity).
To encourage the multiple land use potential, retain the "rural" character of the
area, acknowledge factors which may present limitations to higher densities, and
retain future options with respect to land use decisions and natural resource
utilization, it is the intent of the RURAL policy to provide for the option to
the applicant of "clustering" in the design of new subdivisions.
Policv Statement
1.01 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to designate those portions of the
Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea which are consistent with the Rural Locational
Criteria as RURAL and depict them as such on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use
Map. Principle uses of the RURAL policy shall include part- or full-time
agriculture and forestry, as well as low density residential uses.
Secondary uses shall include home occupations, utilities and aggregate
extraction.
1.02 To implement this policy, the existing Rural, Rural Farm and Select
Industrial Reserve land use designations, as applicable to the central,
northwestern and southeastern portions of the Subarea, shall be repealed and
amended to RURAL, consistent with the policies state herein.
1.03 The Rural land use designation shall be implemented through the'use of the
Rural zone district which allows a maximum land use density of one (1)
dwelling unit per five (5) acres and one (1) dwelling unit per ten (10)
acres. Pursuant to Policy 1.04, this district shall also contain a
provision for a "cluster option" of subdivision design.
1.04 Within the Rural zone district, a clustering option shall be provided to the
applicant for new land subdivisions. The purpose of this option is to
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provide economic flexibility to the individual property owner, promote
economic lot design, conserve nonrenewable natural resources and
environmentally fragile areas, retain future options with respect to land
use decisions, and maintain the low density "rural" character of the area.
When applying the "clustering option," the appropriate zone classification,
as established in the zoning ordinance, shall be utilized to establish the
overall density of the original parcel of record. For example, a forty acre
parcel situated within a Rural Five Acre (R5A) zone classification could
have a maximum of eight building lots with the minimum lot size governed by
the zone classification's setback requirements and by the Whatcom County
Health Department approval for individual on --site septic disposal systems.
In addition, new land subdivisions for residential purposes shall be
designed consistent with the following policies:
1.04.1 To minimize encroachments (ingress and egress) along existing
county roads, subdivision design shall be discouraged from forming
lineal residential patterns adjacent to said roads.
1.04.2 When practicable, structures on open landscapes should be sited
and designed to minimize disruptions of views from adjacent
properties and public roadways. In addition, it is preferred that
residential structures be placed at the perimeter of fields or
within existing wooded areas.
1.04.3 When a "cluster" subdivision is situated adjacent to less
intensive uses (agriculture, forestry or large parcel
residential), the subdivision shall be buffered at the site
periphery to prevent the encroachment of vehicles, pedestrians,
animals and nuisances onto less intensively utilized parcels.
1.05 The cluster method of subdivision is defined as an alternative method of
creating building parcels that involves:
(a) the concentration of spatially efficient and marketable building lots
while preserving the intent of the land use district; and
(b) the retention of options for future uses and densities by treating the
land as both a commodity and a resource.
The density of the use district defines the number of allowable dwelling
units per land area but does not define lot size. Lot size is determined by
the land owner and Whatcom County Health Board Rules and Regulations
concerning soil percolation rates. Land area not used for building purposes
is designated as a "reserve tract" and should be used for agriculture,
forestry, open space or future subdivision at such time as the plan is
amended. The Official Whatcom County Zoning Ordinance describes the density
for various use districts where the cluster method can be utilized, the
criteria to be used in designing building lots and the provisions of the
reserve tract.
1.O6 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage property owners to conserve
Prime Farmlands, Farmlands of Statewide Importance and forested areas by
utilizing RCW 84.34.
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1.07 In acknowledgement of the Light Industrial Park designation at I-5 and
Grandview Road, the Heavy Impact Industrial designation at Cherry Point and
the extensive vehicular usage of the I-5 corridor, it is the policy of
Whatcom County to permit an area not to exceed twenty-five (25) acres in
each of the northeast and southeast quadrants of the Grandview/I-5
interchange to be used for general commercial uses under the General
Commercial zoning district, including a commercial truck service facility.
Accessory uses associated with a "truck stop" facility should include truck
fueling, repair and storage facilities, and overnight accommodations
including restaurant facilities.
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D. AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Intent Statement
The purpose of the AGRICULTURAL designation is to maintain and encourage the
conservation of agricultural lands in Whatcom County. Moreover, specific
delineation of AGRICULTURAL areas implicitly directs nonagricultural land uses to
rural or urban areas, and thus, minimizes conflicts between agricultural and
nonagricultural uses. Furthermore, both the private and public sectors will
retain options for future land use decisions. Additional intents of the
AGRICULTURAL designation include maintaining natural systems and processes;
conserving energy, in that less energy is required to farm the most fertile
agricultural lands; sustaining specialty crops, such as strawberries, raspberries
and blueberries; and moving toward attainment of the Whatcom County Goal
Statements pertaining to the conservation of agricultural lands.
Policv Statement
1.01 Large contiguous areas of the county shall be designated exclusively for
agriculture. All areas that are consistent with the Agricultural Locational
Criteria should be designated as AGRICULTURAL, recognizing that this
criteria may be augmented by additional information related to changes in
technological, economic and physical conditions. Typical AGRICULTURAL uses
include the cultivation, management and harvest of field, shrub, vine,
greenhouse, orchard and forest crops; dairying, livestock raising and small
animal husbandry; beekeeping and mushroom raising. Land designated as
AGRICULTURAL shall be encouraged to continue in such uses and shall be
protected from external factors which may cause conversion to
nonagricultural uses.
1.02 To implement the AGRICULTURAL designation, the Comprehensive Plan Map shall
be amended from Rural and Rural Farm to AGRICULTURAL in the Nooksack River
floodplain and certain areas directly west thereof, and in the area of West
Wiser Lake and West Pole Roads.
1.03 Zoning implementation of the AGRICULTURAL land use designation shall be
accomplished by application of an Agriculture District. Minimum parcel
sizes shall be determined as follows:
1.03.1 When the parcel is to be utilized for agricultural purposes, a
minimum parcel size shall be determined that is consistent with
the acreage required to sustain an economic and intensive
agricultural operation.
1.03.2 When the parcel is to be utilized for nonagricultural purposes,
the minimum parcel size shall be forty (40) acres.
1.04 Residential subdivisions and nonagricultural related uses shall be
discouraged from locating within designated AGRICULTURAL areas.
1.05 The implementation of "special district" plans and capital improvement
programs shall not result in detrimental impacts to the AGRICULTURAL lands
of Whatcom County.
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1.06 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to encourage the retention of small
family farms by supporting direct marketing programs for the Whatcom County
farming community.
1.07 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to encourage the agricultural
community to utilize the tax benefits of RCW 84.34.
1.08 To promote the conservation of agricultural lands and the economic stability
thereof, it shall be the policy of Whatcom County to coordinate and
participate in programs with the Agricultural Extension Service, Soil
Conservation Service and other agricultural organizations.
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E. PUBLIC POLICY
Intent Statement
Pertinent to existing or contemplated parcels in public ownership, the intent of
the following policies is to implement the Goal Statements that relate to public
facilities and services, and ensure the continued public provision of a variety
of services, commensurate with population levels and requirements. Furthermore,
these policies are intended to optimize public investments and promote
compatibility between public functions and surrounding land uses.
Policv Statement
1.01 It is the policy of Whatcom County to identify those geographical locations
currently in or considered for public ownership and/or management, where the
primary function is the provision of public services. These areas shall be
designated PUBLIC on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map. Uses typical of
the designation are facilities and services related to the provision of
recreation, education, utilities, communications, transportation, solid
waste disposal and health care.
1.02 To implement PUBLIC policies with the Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea, the
following functions shall be designated as PUBLIC: State, city and county -
owned parks and wildlife reserves, libraries, schools, fire stations,
cemeteries, nursing homes, water and sewerage treatment facilities, road
maintenance facilities, and federally owned substations and transmission
line corridors. As each public agency obtains parcels, the Whatcom County
Comprehensive Plan Map shall be amended, consistent with the amendment
criteria.
1.03 Zoning of the PUBLIC designation shall be accomplished by:
1.03.1 Application of a Recreation and Open Space zone to public
recreation areas;
1.03.2 Designating all other public functions to be used by right or
condition within all zoning districts of Whatcom County.
1.04 Pursuant to the Inter -Local Cooperation Act (RCW 39.34), it is the policy of
Whatcom County to encourage public agencies to prepare and adopt long-range
plans which address future land, facility and service requirements; the
objective of which is to coordinate public and private activities, as well
as to minimize potential future conflict regarding plan implementation.
1.05 It is the policy of Whatcom County to cooperate and coordinate with the
Whatcom County Parks Department to integrate existing park plans into a
Recreation and Open Space Element that will augment the Whatcom County
Comprehensive Plan. In addition, the Whatcom County Parks Department shall
be encouraged to participate in neighborhood park planning within the areas
designated as URBAN RESERVE and RESIDENTIAL RURAL on the Comprehensive Plan
Land Use Map.
1.06 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage public agencies to attain
those parcels which benefit the continued operation of their functions.
Whenever practicable, joint agreements between agencies shall be encouraged
to expedite efficient public expenditure.
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1.07 Whenever practicable, it is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage multi-
purpose use of public lands, facilities and services.
1.08 It is the policy of Whatcom County to minimize visual and functional impacts
of PUBLIC land uses through utilization of aesthetic site design which is
compatible with the character of the surrounding area.
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LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARK POLICY
Intent Statement
The intent of the LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARK designation is to implement the County
Goal Statements which relate to a balanced and diversified economy by
acknowledging those locations where transportation access and other light
industrial siting requirements may be optimized. Furthermore, it is intended
that development of Light Industrial Park sites will be contingent upon the
statutorily required governmental agencies approval of sewer and water services;
and that said sites employ aesthetic site design to maximize visual appearance
and compatibility with surrounding land uses and general area character. In
addition, the policy intends to encourage the overall master planning of Light
Industrial Park sites.
Policv Statement
1.01 Consistent with the Locational Criteria and Policy Intent Statement of the
LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARK designation, it is herein the policy of Whatcom County
to designate the following areas as LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARK on the
Comprehensive Land Use Map: (1) the area situated west of the freeway, in
the proximity of Grandview and Church roads and Portal Way; and (2) certain
portions of the area situated south of Terrell Creek and bounded by the
Kickerville, Grandview and Saftsen roads.
1.02 Land uses associated with the LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARK designation should have
negligible off —site impacts as provided in the zoning ordinance and may
include other general services to primarily accommodate the necessities of
site employees.
1.03 To implement the LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARK designation, the county shall apply
the Light Impact Industrial zoning district, consistent with the policies
stated herein and which will foster compatibility with surrounding
nonindustrial land uses.
1.04 To attain compatibility with surrounding nonindustrial land uses and
character, it is the policy of Whatcom County to require LIGHT INDUSTRIAL
PARK users to employ aesthetic site design consisting of landscaping and
screening at the site periphery, as well as conservation of existing natural
features. In addition, site design shall minimize encroachments (ingress
and egress) onto adjacent arterials and direct traffic away from residential
areas.
1.05 Design of LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARK sites shall be encouraged to incorporate
overall master planning and the joint use of facilities common to individual
users, such as internal roadways and parking utilities, and railroad spurs.
Additionally, site design shall be encouraged to employ the best available
architectural design standards for structures, underground 'wiring and
unobtrusive signage, with the intent of causing said sites to become
aesthetic, as well as economic assets to Whatcom County.
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1.06 Development of LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PARK sites shall be contingent upon the
provision of a full range of services, including statutorily required
governmental agency's approval of sewer and water services, and police and
fire protection. When practicable, industries situated within such areas
shall be encouraged to cooperate in the construction and use of those
services common to their respective operations.
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G. HEAVY IMPACT INDUSTRIAL
Intent Statement
The underlying purpose of the HEAVY IMPACT INDUSTRIAL designation is to supply
enough vacant land to meet the demand for heavy industrial manufacturing uses
which may be anticipated during the planning period. Additionally, it is the
purpose of this designation to define expected levels of industrial performance.
Moreover, it is the intent of this designation to provide the opportunity for
citizens of Whatcom County to endorse a diversified economic base; but, at the
same time, to maintain an acceptable balance between the interests of the private
sector and the impacts to the cultural aspects (employment, population, and the
physical, social and economic environment) of Whatcom County.
Policv Statement
1.01 In acknowledgement of the past commitments in the Cherry Point Industrial
Area, it is herein the policy of Whatcom County to designate the area
bounded by the Koehn, Grandview, Kickerville, Rainbow, Lake Terrell and
Slater roads as HEAVY IMPACT INDUSTRIAL. Implementation of this policy
shall be accomplished by amending the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map to
HEAVY IMPACT INDUSTRIAL and by applying the Heavy Impact Industrial zone
district within the designated area.
1.02 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to monitor the vacant industrial
property to assure a sufficient supply for the anticipated future demands.
1.03 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to evaluate the short- and long-
range impacts to existing public facility, utility and transportation
systems resulting from the proposed development of major industrial land
uses. If it is determined that major industrial development will cause
financial and physical impacts that exceed the scheduled capital improvement
programs of various systems, Whatcom County shall request the industrial
users to financially participate in the marginal costs of upgrading such
systems.
1.04 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to encourage the monitoring of
pollution control and nuisance abatement technologies by the appropriate
governmental authority, such as the Northwest Air Pollution Authority, the
Department of Ecology and the Environmental Protection Agency. Whatcom
County shall assure that industrial location and design will include
consideration of other pollutant sources and environmentally fragile areas
in the vicinity. The location, development and operation of industries
should be such as to minimize pollution of all forms and its impact upon
other areas.
1.05 To attain compatibility with surrounding nonindustrial land use designations
and to minimize heavy industrial off -site impacts, it is the policy of
Whatcom County to require industrial users to provide a buffet- which is
located within the designated HEAVY IMPACT INDUSTRIAL area and which adjoins
said nonindustrial land use designations.
As a means of protecting the existing and planned residential uses in the
Point Whitehorn area from detrimental environmental and visual impacts
generated from the Heavy Impact Industrial area, a 660-foot buffer strip
shall be established. Said buffer shall be situated adjacent to and south
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of Grandview Road between Jackson Road and Koehn Road; adjacent to and east
of Koehn Road between Grandview Road and Brown Road; and adjacent to the
east of the eastern property line of tax lots 2.27 and 2.28 between Brown
Road and the shoreline. This buffer strip may be utilized for security or
protective uses, parking, or the open space requirements of the Heavy Impact
Industrial zone district. Land within the buffer strip which is not
required for the above uses and is currently covered with natural vegetative
species shall not be cleared, logged or altered in any manner which would
reduce the natural screening characteristics of said buffer.
1.06 In recognition of the desirable natural features of deep water accessibility
and large contiguous upland areas, it shall be the policy of Whatcom County
to emphasize development of public and private multi --purpose ocean cargo
transfer terminal facilities in the Heavy Impact Industrial area, and
further that such facilities, as well as other proposed water dependent and
industrial uses, be consistent with the policies and regulations of the
Whatcom County Shoreline Master Program.
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H. COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND UTILITIES
Intent Statement
One of the most important factors in comprehensive planning is the relationship
between land use and the provision of public services. Proportionate with the
increase in land use density and attendant population levels is the increase in
demand for services, such as efficient sewer and water systems, functional
transportation networks, adequate school and park systems, and capable fire and
police protective services. As growth occurs in "urban fringe" and rural areas,
local governments have been typically confronted with service issues that can be
summarized as follows:
What governmental jurisdiction should provide the demanded services?
What is the difference between urban and nonurban services, and where do
urban services stop and nonurban services begin?
. Under what conditions should urban and nonurban services be provided?
What services can be economically provided to both city and county
jurisdictions by a single service purveyor?
It is the intent of the following policies to define Whatcom County's role and
responsibility concerning the above issues and to further ensure that a
beneficial balance exists between the supply and demand for services, as well as
encourage the cooperation among municipalities, special districts, and water
associations in the planning and provision of public services.
Policy Statement
1.01 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to cooperate and coordinate with
the City of Ferndale, Public Utility District No. 1, Water and Sewer
District No. 8, Whatcom County Fire District No. 7, Ferndale, Blaine and
Meridian School Districts, and the State of Washington in planning Subarea
service systems.
1.02 As described in the URBAN RESERVE policies, land areas inside the URBAN
RESERVE designation are intended for urban --type densities and shall be
provided with a full range of urban services including sewer and water, fire
and police protection, urban transportation standards and drainage systems.
Furthermore, the City of Ferndale is designated as the primary service
authority for said area.
1.03 Land situated outside the URBAN RESERVE area are planned for nonurban land
use densities. Whatcom County shall be the primary purveyor of services to
these areas which shall include transportation and drainage improvements,
parks and recreation facilities, sheriff protection, fire protection through
District No. 7, solid waste management, and library services. Furthermore,
the County Public Works Department shall amend the Engineering Design
Standards and Specifications to reflect specific nonurban transportation and
drainage standards.
1.04 Whatcom County shall discourage the proliferation of new sewer and water
districts (junior taxing districts) in the Subarea. Sewage disposal to
nonurban uses shall be accomplished through on -site methods. Water service
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shall be provided either through wells, City of Ferndale, including the area
within the Residential Rural designation, Whatcom County, PUD #1 or existing
water associations.
1.05 Whatcom County shall continue to recognize Puget Sound Power and Light and
Cascade Natural Gas as the primary energy purveyors in the Subarea; however,
the county encourages the use of alternative energy systems for residential,
commercial, industrial and public land uses.
1.06 As enabled through the County Services Act, Whatcom County shall be
designated as the primary service authority for the provision of public
sewer and potable water to the Cherry Point and Grandview Road industrial
areas. To accomplish such, the county is encouraged to undertake those
actions deemed necessary to determine the alternative infrastructure systems
and associated cost, as well as the inter -agency contractual agreements for
the provision of shared services. The Public Works Department shall submit
recommendations to the County Council to revise the Whatcom County
Comprehensive Sewer and Water Plan to reflect the county's intention of
providing future services to the Cherry Point and Grandview industrial
areas.
If Whatcom County does not exercise the policy stated above, the prerogative
of furnishing services to the Cherry Point and Grandview Light Industrial
Park areas and the Grandview/I-5 Interchange commercial use area shall,
subject to County Council approval, revert to other service entities
including the City of Ferndale, Birch Bay Water District No. 8, or such
other agencies as may be organized for this purpose.
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I. TRANSPORTATION/CIRCULATION POLICY
Intent Statement
Transportation/Circulation is one of the key elements in comprehensive land use
planning because the changes in land use density and population levels, occurring
as a result of the planning process, are often reflected in a demand for an y
increased level of service. Thus, it is a purpose of Whatcom County to promote a
coordinated transportation system which is appropriate in its intended function;
that is to complement the land use density and population levels of the various
areas in the Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea. It is the intent of the following
policies to ensure that land use and transportation planning mutually support the
efficient and safe movement of people and goods while optimizing public
investments in the existing circulation system. Furthermore, it is the intent to
move toward the attainment of the Whatcom County Goal Statements with respect to
transportation planning.
Policy Statement
1.01 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to cooperate and coordinate with
the City of Ferndale and the State of Washington in the planning of an
adequate transportation system in the Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea. The
City of Ferndale shall be consulted for input into a change in road
classification or the proposed construction of a new road which traverses an
area within the Ferndale city limits.
1.02 It shall be county policy to implement the road classification plan as
designated on the Comprehensive Plan Map through the development of a
Transportation Improvement Program which shall support the policies of the
Comprehensive Plan.
A change in road classification or proposed construction of a new road shall
be programmed only after land use studies have shown the need for increased
carrying capacity. Such changes shall be reviewed by the Whatcom County
Planning Department pursuant to RCW 36.70.530 and RCW 36.70.540.
1.03 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to evaluate the short and long-
range impacts to existing county roads resulting from proposed developments.
If it is determined that a proposed development will cause financial and
physical impacts that exceed the scheduled transportation improvements,
Whatcom County shall request the developer to financially participate in
upgrading the transportation/circulation system.
1.04 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to designate specific truck routes
into commercial and industrial areas to minimize the conflict between truck
and automobile traffic.
1.05 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to promote and encourage the
availability of public transit as demand increases in the Cherry Point -
Ferndale Subarea. The public transit system shall be designed to encourage
the use of said system by providing frequent and convenient access points,
and by integrating transit services with other transportation modes, such as
bus systems, park and ride lots for automobiles and bicycles, and bus,
railroad and airline terminal facilities.
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Any major program change., in the Transportation Improvement Program with
respect to the circulation system shall provide accommodations for transit
when warranted by the level and location of ridership.
1.06 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to make every effort to preserve
mature trees and unique wildlife habitats and other elements of the natural
environment during the design and construction of road improvement projects.
Where disruption of the natural environment is unavoidable, special
techniques, including rounded slopes, erosion control, reseeding and
revegetation shall be employed to return roadsides to their natural state.
1.07 It shall be county policy to include bikeways and pedestrian walkways as an
integral part of the transportation system. Bikeways and pedestrian ways
shall be provided in new developments where warranted. Bikeways shall be
provided to link residential areas, shopping areas, recreational areas and
educational facilities. Whenever practical; bikeways proposed in new
developments shall connect with the planned bikeways in the Whatcom County
Trails Plan.
1.08 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to discourage driveway cuts on all
street classifications higher than local access streets; to develop access
control plans for classifications higher than neighborhood collector
streets; and to require new developments to minimize the number of access
points to road classifications higher than neighborhood collector streets.
1.09 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to discourage through traffic on
neighborhood collector, local access and minor access streets.
1.10 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to encourage the use of noise
buffers and visual screens between high volume transportation routes and
residential areas.
1.11 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to encourage major public and
private developments to be easily accessible to existing arterials and
public transit.
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J. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
Intent Statement
The intent of the following policies is to minimize detrimental impacts to human
life and property, conserve critical wildlife habitats in recognition of their
irreplaceable character, manage nonrenewable natural resource areas in a manner
which will permit future utilization, and maintain and enhance environmental
quality with reference to air, water and noise.
Policy Statement
1.01 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage utilization of unstable
slopes for very low density development or preferably as open space. If
used for developmental purposes, structures shall be subject to safety
confirmation as established by a qualified geological engineer.
1.02 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage utilization of the Nooksack
River 100-year floodplain for agriculture purposes and to encourage the use
of 100-year floodplains associated with stream corridors as open space.
1.03 Whatcom County shall encourage very low densities in areas of known mineral
and nonmineral resource occurrence with the intent of retaining future
access and utilization options. Surface extraction shall be dependent upon
compatibility with surrounding land uses, be discouraged in areas overlain
by Prime Farmlands, and be accomplished by a reclamation plan which is
consistent with state regulations (RCW 78.44).
1.04 It is the policy of Whatcom County to conserve and retain Prime Farmlands
and Farmlands of Statewide Importance by encouraging agricultural or very
low density residential land uses in such areas.
1.05 It is the policy of Whatcom County to maintain and/or enhance surface water
quality consistent with Federal and State standards by development of
appropriate regulations or ordinances to carry out the intent of this
policy. Furthermore, wetlands such as swamps, bogs, marshes and ponds shall
be recognized for their capacity as natural catchment basins.
1.06 It is the policy of Whatcom County to promote continued groundwater quality.
1.07 It is the policy of Whatcom County to avoid the wasteful or destructive use
of environmentally fragile areas or critical wildlife habitats. The
identification of critical wildlife habitats will be pursuant to procedures
set forth in the State Environmental Policy Act WAC 197-10-177.
1.08 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage property owners to utilize
the provisions of RCW 84.34 for the preservation of open space and the
preservation of environmentally fragile areas such as critical wildlife
habitats and wetlands as described in the policies of this section.
1.09 Pursuant to the Federal Clean Air Act, it is the policy of Whatcom County to
encourage pollution abatement with the intent of maintaining and/or
enhancing air quality through the coordination of land use proposals and
plans with Northwest Air Pollution Authority, as well as other environmental
agencies.
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1.10 It is the policy of Whatcom County to implement such rules, regulations or
ordinances as are required by state law to minimize noise impacts.
1.11 It is the policy of Whatcom County pursuant to the State of Washington State
Environmental Policy Act (WAC 197-10-177) to identify and designate the
environmentally sensitive areas, the intent of which is to establish uses
which should no longer be considered as categorical exemptions within such
areas as provided in the County's Environmental Policy Guideline Ordinance.
The Whatcom County Environmental Review Committee is herein directed to
prepare a map clearly indicating the location intent and selection of
exemption of the Environmentally Sensitive Areas which shall be considered
as recommendations for adoption (pursuant to WAC 197-10-177), as part of the
Whatcom County's Environmental Policy Guidelines Ordinance.
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K. ECONOMIC POLICIES
Intent Statement
The intent of the following policy is to assure that economic values are given
appropriate consideration along with other goals so that Whatcom County can
attempt to fulfill the economic requirements of present and future generations of
Whatcom County citizens. The Goal Statements of this comprehensive plan clearly
indicate that future land use should recognize economic concerns in addition to
environmental and social concerns to provide a balanced and diversified economy.
It is therefore the policy of Whatcom County to establish a balance in its
consideration of environmental and economic matters.
Policy Statement
1.01 It is the policy of Whatcom County to consider the positive and negative
economic impacts in land use decisions on the general welfare of the
citizens of the county.
1.02 It is the policy of Whatcom County to strengthen and stabilize the tax base
through economic development.
1.03 It is the policy of Whatcom County to consider economic impacts, along with
other considerations, of measures which implement this comprehensive land
use plan.
1.04 It is the policy of Whatcom County to promote the wise use of both natural
and man-made resources over the long run as well as in the immediate future.
1.05 It is the policy of Whatcom County to ensure that all county land use plans
and zoning ordinances are considered in terms of their enhancement of the
economy of the area and region, and are calculated to:
(a) Foster and promote the general welfare;
(b) To create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist
in productive harmony; and
(c) Fulfill the social, economic, and other requirements of present and
future generations of Whatcom County citizens.
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comprehensive
flan amendments
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VII. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN AMENDMENTS
The Cherry Point -Ferndale Subarea Plan is a policy document that is used to guide
the land use decisions affecting both the private and public sector of the
Subarea. For the plan to function as an effective decision -making document, it
must be flexible enough to weather changes in public attitudes, developmental
technologies, economic forces and legislative policy.
The plan envisions two general types of plan amendments. The first type is a
review conducted every five years. This review should re-examine the entire
plan, including a re --evaluation of goals, updates of land related elements, and
the reaffirmation of land use policies and proposals. This review is the
responsibility of the Whatcom County Planning Commission, the Planning Department
staff and the people of the Subarea.
The second type of amendment is that proposed and initiated by the private
sector. The land uses illustrated on the Land Use Plan Map are the result of the
application of the Plan's goals and policies. However, it is reasonable to
assume that the private sector may introduce land use proposals that conflict
with the Plan Map or policies of the Plan itself. In such instances, the private
individual may entertain an amendment to the Plan. Private petitions for
amendment of the Comprehensive Plan addressed to either the Planning Commission
or the County Council shall be processed in accordance with statutory procedure
for adoption or amendment of comprehensive plans. In applying for a particular
amendment to the Plan or Plan Map, the private sector shall conform to the
following criteria:
1. The amendment request shall conform with the goals of the Subarea plan;
2. The amendment request shall be compatible with the existing and planned
surrounding land uses;
3. The amendment request shall not result in unmitigated detrimental impacts to
existing transportation systems;
4. The amendment request shall not place uncompensated burdens upon existing or
planned service capabilities; and
5. The amendment request shall demonstrate a land usage need which is
consistent with the environmental and economic policies of this plan.
C