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HomeMy WebLinkAboutord1982-0561 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 AMA. QED VERSION DATE July 15, 1982 INTRODUCED BY PROPOSED BY ORDINANCE NO. 82 -56 Van Zanten Council AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE 1970 WHATCOM COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN TEXT AND MAP FOR THE GEOGRAPHIC AREA COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE LAKE WHATCOM SUBAREA OF WHATCOM COUNTY, WASHINGTON PREAMBLE: In accordance with the provisions of RCW 36.70 and with the provision of the Whatcom County Home Rule Charter, the Planning Commission of Whatcom County has recommended adoption of a new .Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the Lake Whatcom area and an accompanying map text which is incorporated within said plan. WHEREAS, Lake Whatcom is the drinking water supply for the City of Bellingham and Water District 10 and other lakeshore resi- dents, and that further residential development within the Lake Whatcom watershed must be limited to a quantity and density which is consistent with the overall maintenance of a safe and adequate public water supply; and, WHEREAS, the potential impact on water quality from further development within the watershed is in the process of being analyzed pursuant to the Lake Whatcom Restoration Study under a Referendum 39 grant scheduled to be completed by July 31, 1984; and, WHEREAS, the adequacy of the new comprehensive plan pro- posed by the.Planning Commission.cannot be fully evaluated for the lands proposed for urban level densities, i.e., Urban Reserve and Rural Residential two dwelling units per acre, until the completion of the Lake Restoration Study; and, WHEREAS, the proposed new comprehensive plan for the Lake Whatcom Subarea is more restrictive than the present plan and as such offers a greater degree of protection to the watershed than does the present plan; and, ORDINANCE - 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 25 1 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 WHEREAS, an emergency now exists in that pending the completion of the Lake Whatcom Restoration Study the protection of the Lake Whatcom watershed against levels of development which may imperil the public health, safety and welfare requires the immediate replac - ment of the present plan with the more restrictive newly proposed comprehensive plan for the Subarea and requires the implementation of moratorium upon the extensions of utility service. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE WHATCOM COUNTY COUNCIL AS FOLLOWS: l.. The 1970 Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan text for the geographic area commonly known as the Lake Whatcom'Subarea of Whatc County is hereby amended as indicated in Exhibit "A ", which is attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein. Provided, however, that this adoption shall apply exclusively for those areas of the Lake Whatcom Subarea designated for non -urban uses that woul have a minimal potential of adversely affecting the quality and bm quantity of the watershed. These uses constitute the areas designated in the Plan as Forestry, Recreation Open Space, Rural and Rural R¢,sidential one dwelling unit per acre. 2. That portion of the Lake Whatcom Plan which proposes urban level uses and densities located within the watershed is hereby adopted upon an interim basis and shall remain in effect until December 31, 1984. These urban uses and densities constitute the areas designated on the comprehensive plan as Urban Reserve Low Density, Urban Reserve Medium Density, Quasi - Public (.zoned Urban Resjdential ) , Resort Commercial and Rural Residential two dwelling units per acre. 3. Upon completion of the Lake Whatcom Restoration Study the interim plan enacted herein shall be reconsidered by the Whatcom County Council as the basis for permanent land use controls. At that times a SEPA threshhold determination shall be performed pursuant to SEPA guidelines (WAC 197 -10) which will evaluate the various potential impacts of the said proposed comprehensive plan upon the continued safe use of Lake Whatcom, as a public drinking Oxdinv�nce - 2 - 1 2 3 4 ter supply. 4. The Comprehensive Plan Map for the Lake Whatcom Subarea is reby amended to indicate the new text changes, comprehensive plan assifications and boundaries thereof. The Comprehensive Plan Map 5 for the Subarea is incorporated with Exhibit "A ". The Chairperson 6 of the Whatcom County Council shall affix his signature to the Text 7 document and Map indicating Council approval. $ 5. This ordinance shall not take effect until the zoning text and zoning map for the Lake Whatcom Subarea are approved by the 10 County Council. 1111 6. Extensions of existing or construction of new public facil7 12 ities and private service systems to facilitate urban development in 13 the North Shore Residential -Rural designation within the watershed 14 shall be delayed until an assessment of potential impacts to the 5 watershed caused by the implementation of said designation is comple ed, c16 provided such assessment shall commence no later than January 1, 198 . 17 Said assessment shall be one of the tasks of Phase I of the Departme it 18 f Ecology funded water supply study and shall be completed no later 19 than December 31, 1983. 20 As referenced above, new public facilities shall include public 21 ewer, water, storm drainage and transportation improvements and 22 extensions while private service systems include water associations. 23 This policy does not apply to contracts for water service that have 24 ken executed between the City of Bellingham and Water and Sewer 25 istrict No. 10 prior to the adoption of the Lake Whatcom Subarea 26 lan, individual wells or connections to the North Shore sewer line 27 to serve existing platted lots.of record, or the areas within two or 2$ nore ULTD's existing'at the time of the adoption of the Lake Whatcom 29 Subarea Comprehensive Plan. 30 This policy does also not apply to preliminary plat applicatioi 31 that have been filed prior to the adoption of this policy and the 32 time limits that the County Council .must act on the preliminary plat s described by statute have expired. Ordinance - 3 - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 APPROVED this 5th day of August , 1982." WHATCOM COUNTY COUNCIL WHATCOM COUNTY, WASHINGTON ATTEST: Clerk of the C nci Published August 4 WILLIAM ROEHL, Council Chairperson ( APPROVED ( ) VETOED JOH UWS, County Executive and August 21, 1982 This Ordinance becomes effective on August 17, 1982 ORDINANCE - 4. LAKE WHATCOM SUBAREA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN AUGUST, 1982 Whatcom County Executive John Louws Whatcom County Council Shirley Van Zanten Don Hansey Larry McIntyre C. J. Johnson Whatcom County Planning Commission John Vanderhage, Al Hickinbotham, Bob Andersen Bill Clement Emil deWil.de Chairman Vice Chairman Whatcom County Planning Staff Micheal E. Nicholson, Planning Director William G. Trimm, Assistant Director Jon Holan Senior Planner Sharon Hayes, Administrative Secretary Steve Cornell, Planner I Sandra Palm, Planner I Michele Gierman, Graphics /Technical Assistant Karen Daniels, Typist R. W. 'Bob" Muenscher Jim Hawley Will Roehl Joe Elenbaas Jack Griffin Peggy Hinton Alvin Van Dalen Whatcom County Planning 401 Grand Avenue Bellingham, WA 98225 THE LAKE WHATCOM SUBAREA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN A COMPONENT OF THE WHATCOM COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Adopted this day of 1981 by the Planning Commission. Whatcom County Certified this 67Ti day of 1982 by the Whatcom County Council. William Roehl, Chairftn Approved this / day of 1982. by the Whatcom unty Executive. John ws, Executive Adopted this day of , 1982 by the Boundary Review Board. Neil Lathrop, Chairperson Attest: - inunciy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 AMENDED "?RSION DATE July 15, 1982 INTRODUCED BY Van Zanten PROPOSED BY Council ORDINANCE NO. 82 -56 AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE 1970 WHATCOM COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN TEXT AND MAP FOR THE GEOGRAPHIC AREA COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE LAKE WHATCOM SUBAREA OF WHATCOM COUNTY, WASHINGTON PREAMBLE: In accordance with the provisions of RCW 36.70 and with the provision of the Whatcom County Home Rule Charter, the Planning Commission of Whatcom County has recommended adoption of a new Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the Lake Whatcom area and an accompanying map text which is incorporated within said plan. WHEREAS, Lake Whatcom is the drinking water supply for the City of Bellingham and Water District 10 and other lakeshore resi- dents, and that further residential development within the Lake Whatcom watershed must be limited to a quantity and density which is consistent with the overall maintenance of a safe and adequate public water supply; and, WHEREAS, the potential impact on water quality from further development within the watershed is in the process of being analyzes pursuant to the Lake Whatcom Restoration Study under a Referendum 39 grant scheduled to be completed by July 31, 1984; and, WHEREAS, the adequacy of the new comprehensive plan pro- posed by the Planning Commission cannot be fully evaluated for the lands proposed for urban level densities, i.e., Urban Reserve and Rural Residential two dwelling units per acre, until the completion of the Lake Restoration Study; and, WHEREAS, the proposed new comprehensive plan for the Lake Whatcom Subarea is more restrictive than the present plan and as such offers a greater degree of protection to the watershed than does the present plan; and, ORDINANCE - 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 WHEREAS, an emergency now exists in that pending the completio of the Lake Whatcom Restoration Study the protection of the Lake Whatcom watershed against levels of development which may imperil the public health, safety and welfare requires the immediate replac ment of the present plan with the more restrictive newly proposed comprehensive plan for the Subarea and requires the implementation of moratorium upon the extensions of utility service. NOW, THEREFORE, BE. IT ORDAINED BY THE WHATC0M COUNTY COUNCIL AS FOLLOWS: 1. The 1970 Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan text for the geographic area commonly known as the Lake Whatcom Subarea of Whatc County is hereby amended as indicated in Exhibit "A ", which is attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein. Provided, however, that this adoption shall apply exclusively for those areas of the Lake Whatcom Subarea designated for non -urban uses that woul have a minimal potential of adversely affecting the quality and quantity of the watershed. These uses constitute the areas designa in the Plan as Forestry, Recreation Open Space, Rural and Rural Residential one dwelling unit per acre. 2. That portion of the Lake Whatcom Plan which proposes urban level uses and densities located within the watershed is hereby adopted upon an interim basis and shall remain in effect until December 31, 1984. These urban uses and densities constitute the areas designated on the comprehensive plan as Urban Reserve Low Density, Urban Reserve Medium Density, Quasi- Public (zoned Urban Residential ), Resort Commercial and Rural Residential two dwelling units per acre. 3. Upon completion of the Lake Whatcom Restoration Study the interim plan enacted herein shall be reconsidered by the Whatcom County Council as the basis for permanent land use controls. At that time a SEPA threshhold determination shall be performed pursuant to SEPA guidelines (WAC 197 -10) which will evaluate the various potential impacts of the said proposed comprehensive plan upon the continued safe use of Lake Whatcom as a public drinking Ordinance - 2 - ted 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 +eater supply. 4. The Comprehensive Plan Map for the Lake Whatcom Subarea is zereby amended to indicate the new text changes, comprehensive plan )lassifications and boundaries thereof. The Comprehensive Plan Map for the Subarea is incorporated with Exhibit "A ". The Chairperson )f the Whatcom County Council shall affix his signature to the Text iocument and Map indicating Council approval. 5. This ordinance shall not take effect until the zoning text ind zoning map for the Lake Whatcom Subarea are approved by the ,ounty Council. 6. Extensions of existing or construction of new public facil ttiea - and private service systems to facilitate urban development in the North Shore Residential -Rural designation within the watershed shall be delayed until an assessment of potential impacts to the vatershed caused by the implementation of said designation is comple provided such assessment shall commence no later than January 1, 198 laid assessment shall be one of the tasks of Phase I of the Departme )f Ecology funded water supply study and shall be completed no later :han December 31, 1983. As referenced above, new public facilities shall include publi Sewer, water, storm drainage and transportation improvements and ) xtensions while private service systems include water associations. Phis policy does not apply to contracts for water service that have )een executed between the City of Bellingham and Water and Sewer )istrict No. 10 prior to the adoption of the Lake Whatcom Subarea Ilan, individual wells or connections to the North Shore sewer line ;0 serve existing platted lots of record, or the areas within two Ir pore ULID's existing at the time of the adoption of the Lake Whatcom Subarea Comprehensive Plan. This policy does also not apply to preliminary plat applicatio: :hat have been filed prior to the adoption of this policy and the ;ime limits that the County Council must act on the preliminary plat Ls described by statute have expired. Ordinance - 3 - ed, t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 APPROVED this 5th day of August , 1982. WHATCOM COUNTY COUNCIL WHATCOM COUNTY, WASHINGTON BY: WILLIAM ROE L, Council Chairperson ATTEST: (K) APPROVED ( ) VETOED Clerk o the C nci MR , County Executive Published August 4 and August 21, 1982 This Ordinance becomes effective on August 17, 1982 ORDINANCE - 4. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER I. INTRODUCTION ..... ............................... 1 Authority ..... ............................... 1 Definition & Application ..................... 1 Subarea Planning Concept ..................... 1 Whatcom County Planning Process .............. 2 Plan Format ... ............................... 2 II. SUBAREA DESCRIPTION ............................. 4 General ....... ............................... 4 Findings.......... .. ..... ........... 4 Citizen Participation & Subarea Issues....... 5 III. POPULATION FORECASTS ............................ 8 IV. GOAL STATEMENTS .. ............................... 14 V. RATIONAL & LOCATIONAL CRITERIA FOR LAND USE DESIGNATIONS ..... ............................... 17 A. Urban Reserve ............................ 17 B. Residential - Rural ........................ 19 C. Rural ..... ............................... 19 D. Forestry .. ............................... 20 E. Public. ............................. 21 F.' Quasi - Public . ............................. 22 VI. POLICIES ......... ............................... 23 A. Urban Reserve ............................ 24 B. Residential - Rural ........................ 30 C. Rural ..... ............................... 33 b. Forestry .. ............................... 37 E. Public.. ............................... 39 F. Quasi - Public.... ......... .. ........ 41 G. Community Facilities and Utilities....... 42 H. Transportation /Circulation ............... 46 I. Environmental ............................ 50 J. Economic .. ............................... 53 VII. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN AMENDMENTS ................... 54 VIII. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN LAND USE MAP ................. 55 INTRODUCTION I. INTRODUCTION Statutory Authority Statutory authority for county comprehensive land use planning is estab- lished in Washington State Planning Enabling Act, in which it is stated that "each planning agency shall prepare a comprehensive plan for the orderly physical development of the county or any portion thereof..." (RCW 36.70.320). The Lake Whatcom Subarea Comprehensive Plan has been developed in response to statutory authority, as well as in recogni- tion of the widely accepted principle that future Whatcom County land use decisions should be made in a coordinated and responsible manner by both the public and private sectors. Definition and Application The Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan is defined as an official public document to be utilized by both the public and private sectors as a policy guideline for making orderly and desirable decisions concerning the future use of land in the County. The plan has been formulated by the Whatcom County Planning Commission and is comprehensive, gener- al and long -range in nature. Comprehensive, in that it encompasses ma- jor geographic areas of the county and the functional elements that bear on physical development; general, in that it summarizes major policies and proposals and is not, by statute, a detailed regulation; and long - range, in that it not only addresses current issues, but also anticipated problems and possibilities of the future. The purpose of this document is to foster a responsible process of land use decision - making. The goals, policies and land use plan map contained herein serves to amend the 1970 Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan for the geographic area covered by the Lake Whatcom Subarea. The 1970 plan served as a good and basic plan for the 19701s, but as times change, people's attitudes, technologies, and economies also change. Consequent- ly, the primary decision- making document of local government must be revised to address current and anticipated issues of the future. In consideration of the changes that have occurred since the existing plan was adopted, the Planning Commission resolved in December, 1978 to revise and update the 1970 Comprehensive Plan. The Commission is also aware that changes will continue through the 1980's and has realized that the policies contained herein will be subject to modification and revision over 'a period of time. As is discussed in the following section, this subarea plan will be revised on a five year basis. Subarea Planning Concept Because of the county's diverse physical and cultural make -up, the Plan- ning Commission elected to revise the plan on an individual geographic area basis. Thus, the Commission divided the western one -third of the county into ten logical geographic areas where the planning process could be applied in a uniform and consistent manner. Denoted as -1- "subareas ", these geographic areas were delineated to address various land use related issues that appeared to be unique to particular areas of the county. The criteria utilized by the Commission to delineate the subarea bounda- ries include natural and physical features; political subdivisions, such as special purpose districts (sewer, water, . fire, school, etc.); existing land use patterns; and the presence of a city or town (where applicable) to act as a nucleus for the area. Thus, subareas are planning units deter- mined through the application of criteria and considered as a practical means of revising the comprehensive plan in a consistent orderly fashion. Whatcom County Planning Process The Whatcom County comprehensive planning process is defined as a continual program of evaluating goals, conducting various land - related studies, and practical set of land use policies and proposals for the fu- ture use of land in our County. Stated differently, the planning process serves as a blueprint for the logical development of the comprehensive plan, as well as the formulation of effective implementation tools. The process describes, through a logical sequence, the various land use related factors that must be considered to effect the formulation of re- sponsible and meaningful land use policies and proposals. These factors concern the following: the definition of county -wide goals; the inven- tory and analysis of land use, community facilities and utilities, trans- portation facilties and environmental resource characteristics; the fore- casting of population levels and the county's economic vitality; the com- prehension of issues, both technical and citizen related; the development of policies to resolve and /or address the relevant issues; and the trans- formation of policies into the plan map and attendant implementation tools. The planning process is continual. It involves not only the formulation of the comprehensive plan document and its implementation through the application and use of various regulatory tools, but also continual moni- toring and periodic updating. The success of the planning process in Whatcom County relies heavily upon the county's ability to keep the ma- jor components of the plan current. Thus, the plan should be updated every five years by the Planning Commission and such revisions should adhere to the various sequential stages of the planning process. Format The Comprehensive Plan for the Lake Whatcom Subarea includes the ne- cessary information for the appropriate formulation of land use decisions by both the public and private sectors of Whatcom County. The com- ponents of the plan include the following: 1. Subarea Description: To generally define subarea characteristics and establish issue topics, as determined by area residents, the .Planning Commission and the planning staff. -2- Whatcom County Planning Process GOALS CONTINOUS UPDATE IMPLEMENTATION Zoning Ordinance Subdivision Regs. Shoreline Mgt. City agreements Floodplain Regs. WHATCOM COUNTY COUNCIL PROPOSED SUBAREA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 0 INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS BY SUBAREA Land Use residential commercial industrial Transportation Comm. Services Population Parks - Recreation Physical Features Shoreline Mgt. PRELIMINARY SUBAREA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN PUBLIC HEARING DETERMINATION OF ISSUES SUBAREA CITIZEN PARTICIPATION: Phase 1 FORMULATION OF PRELIMINARY SUBAREA POLICIES AND PLAN MAP BY PLANNING COMMISSION SUBAREA CITIZEN PARTICIPATION: Phase 2 REFINEMENT OF PRELIMINARY SUBAREA POLICIES AND PLAN MAP BY PLANNING COMMISSION r 2. Population Forecasts: To correlate anticipated population levels - with the land use policies and map. 3. Goal Statements: To provide the overall direction for land use planning in Whatcom County. 4. Rationale and Locational Criteria: To establish the necessity of the land use designations and the spatial requirements to be utilized for policy application to the Comprehensive Plan Map. 5. Policies: To provide the primary decision making tools required to resolve the land use, comunity facility and utility, transporta- tion/circulation, and environmental issues of the subarea. 6. Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map: To reflect the spatial distri- bution of the policy statements; perhaps the most widely utilized component of the comprehensive plan. 7. Amendment Criteria: To assist both the public and private sec- tors with respect to revisions of the comprehensive plan policies and map. 8. Adoption Certification: To acknowledge the acceptance by the Whatcom County Planning Commission and Council, City of Bel- lingham and the Boundary Review Board, of the Goal Statements and the subarea policies and map. -3- SUBAREA DESCRIPTION II. SUBAREA DESCRIPTION General The Lake Whatcom Subarea contains over 56 square miles of land and is generally bounded on the north by Mt. Baker Highway and the northern section lines of Sections 7, 8 and 9, T38N, R4E; on the south by the Whatcom - Skagit County line; on the east by the upper reaches of the Watershed and on the west by the upper reaches of the Watershed, the City of Bellingham corporate limits and Toad Lake Road. With the ex- ception of a small geographic area situated north of the city limits and west of Toad Lake Road, the Subarea contains the entire Lake Whatcom Watershed. Also, approximately ten square miles in the Squalicum Creek, Silver Creek and Anderson Creek drainage basins are included in the subarea. Fiddin s In March 1981, the Whatcom County Planning Department completed the Background Document for the Lake Whatcom Subarea. A portion of the study contains descriptions of existing conditions within the subarea for land use, the physical environmental setting, transportation /circulation, and utilities and community facilities. In addition, the report identified specific issues for six analysis areas (North Shore, Geneva, Sudden Valley, South Bay, Forestry and Squalicum) as well as several genera- lized issues for the Lake Whatcom Watershed. It is intended in the pro- cess of plan revision that issues identified by all participants (staff, Planning Commission and citizens) shall be addressed and /or resolved by adoption of specific policy statements by Whatcom County. The dominant land use in the Lake Whatcom Subarea is forestry. In fact over 83% of the total area or 30,438 acres is devoted to forestry uses. Of this total, 17,000 acres have been recorded by the County Assessor as forest current use tax status, i.e. reduced tax assessments for land de- voted to the growth and harvest of forest crops for a minimum of ten (10) years. The majority of forest land is held by major timber companies such as Scott Paper, Georgia Pacific and Bloedel Development Company. The State of Washington also owns substantial holdings, considered as trust lands, that are managed by the Department of Natural Resources for the purpose of timber and mineral rights sales to various public and private interests. The remaining 17% or 6,000 acres of land in the subarea is distributed among the balance of other uses including agriculture, public (communi- cation, utilities and transportation), commercial, industrial, residential, and vacant land uses. Vacant land use represents seven percent (7 %) of the total subarea which is a relatively large land supply or reserve to accommodate future growth demands. The Lake Whatcom Subarea is served by a sewer and water system oper- ated by Whatcom County Water District No. 10. As the primary purveyor of sewer and water service, the district is responsible for the operation and maintenance of both systems in the Geneva and Sudden Valley com- munities while on the North Shore only the sewer utility is available. -4- However, the district anticipates becoming the primary purveyor of water source to the North Shore Urban Reserve area. Community fire protection is provided by three Whatcom County Fire Protection Districts (junior taxing districts): 2, 4 and 18. Fire fighters are volunteer men and women residing in the vicinity of each fire hall. Law enforcement is provided by the Whatcom County Sheriff's Depart- ment. Education is provided by the Bellingham and Mt. Baker School Dis- tricts. Fiscal and human resources are generally considered adequate for each of these community services at the current level of development. However, the cutback in state revenues (at the state level) allocated for public education may impact the quality of education and may result in more vacant or unused building space in both of these school districts. In the Lake Whatcom Subarea, the major traffic corridors are considered substandard when compared to widely accepted standards for major, se- condary and collector arterials. As a result, current peak -hour traffic volumes exceed the design capacity of specific roadway segments in the Geneva Analysis Area; and unless significant improvements are made to these roads it is predicted that serious deficiencies will begin to occur on these roads by 1985. The steady increase in the amount of vehicle ac- cidents on subarea roads may be related directly to the operational char- acteristics (narrow pavement width, narrow shoulders and horizontal curvature) of subarea roads. Thus, it is imperative that roadway im- provement projects are completed, if the county intends to maintain a safe and efficient transportation /circulation network. The physical and biological factors inventoried in the Lake Whatcom Subarea have been segregated into six categories as follows: (1) Topography, (2) Soils, (3) Geology, (4) Surface Water, (5) Vegetation; and (6) Wildlife. In addition, specific physical features of the Lake Whatcom Subarea include six lakes and 11 permanent streams (some fish spawning) and in- cludes nearly all of Lake Whatcom Drainage Basin. Moreover, Lake Whatcom, the most significant of the six lakes, serves as a reservoir for storage of water from the Nooksack River diversion system, as well as stream runoff. Furthermore, Lake Whatcom is District No. 10's domestic and Bellingham's domestic and industrial water source. Citizen Participation and Subarea Issues The issues of the Lake Whatcom Subarea are associated with land use, community facilities and utilities, transportation /circulation, and the physical environment. Issue development has its origin in the subarea background planning study, prepared by the Whatcom County Planning Department, and has been augmented by comments from the citizens re- siding within the subarea, "special districts ", Bellingham officials and the Whatcom County Planning Commission. The Whatcom County Plan- ning Staff presented the issues to subarea citizens at four separate meetings; and, the planning staff presented proposed policies intended to resolve the issues, at four separate meetings. (A detailed list of issues can be found in the Lake Whatcom Subarea Background Document). The following is a summary of issues as presented to subarea citizens. -5- In the Geneva and North Shore analysis areas, both adjacent to the muni- cipal city limits of Bellingham, the issues are similar in nature since both areas have urban and non -urban development patterns. Of particular concern to Geneva area residents is the most appropriate application of a future land use designation generally north of Fremont Avenue (extended east to Lake Whatcom and west to the municipal city limits) including appropriate land uses, densities and the level of public service. Although 33 lots of the Cedarhills Subdivision are sited south of Fremont Avenue, the area between Fremont Avenue and the southern most boundary of the analysis area existing residential low densities, steep slopes and generally has no existing services. Thus, the major issue relates to the most appropriate future land use designation densities and service levels. Other issues involve provision of a remedial stormwater drainage system to protect downstream properties from excess storm - water runoff; transportation planning, conservation of environmental features and protection of water quality. In the North Shore Analysis Area residents are particularly concerned with the appropriate designation of geographical areas for urban and non -urban development patterns consistent with future transportation planning, community facilities and utilities including management of excess stormwater runoff to protect downstream properties, conserva- tion of environmental features and protection of water quality. Other issues involve the appropriate pattern for development, i.e. random or sequential (eastward from Bellingham's municipal city limits) and desig- nation of the city or Water District #10 as the primary purveyor of water to the Urban Reserve area. Of particular concern to residents of the non -urban rural South Bay and Squalicum analysis areas, is the recognition of large contiguous areas which are not considered as prime land for either agriculture or urban uses. Because of soil conditions, absence of existing or planned services and a existing very low density land use pattern, the major issue for both areas relates to the most appropriate application of a future land use designation. Inherent in such land designations must be provisions for maintaining the rural character, allowing a multiplicity of uses, and acknowledging the physical and cultural limitations of the area. Other issues involve appropriate maintenance of the existing transportation networks for each analysis area as well as the protection of groundwater aquifers. The Sudden Valley Analysis Area consists primarily of the Sudden Valley Subdivision. Of particular concern to the residents of the community is the appropriate application of a future land use designation, in recogni- tion of existing mixed land use and the range of public services. Inherent in such land designations must be provisions for promoting a urban char- acter as a stable residential development with minimum emphasis on the commercial resort character while providing for the full range of public services necessary in the community. Other issues involve the opera- tional efficiency of the private road network, an appropriate and cost effective stormwater drainage system to replace the existing open -ditch system, and the appropriate application of a future land use designation, for the non -urban development pattern that surrounds the subdivision. -6- The predominate land use pattern in the Forestry Analysis Area is asso- ciatd with commercial forestry practices. Because of the ownership pat- tern, steep slopes, poorly drained soils, absence of existing or planned services and a very low density land use pattern, the major issue relates to the most appropriate application of a future land use designation. Other issues of concern to commercial forest interests and residents in- clude appropriate methods to assure compatibility between forestry practices and residential or recreational uses located in the vicinity. An additional concern expressed by citizens includes environmentally sound logging practices to prevent damage to downstream properties, streams and lakes as a result of excess stormwater runoff. Of particular concern to subarea residents, commercial forestry inter- ests, Bellingham, Water District No. 10's and Whatcom County officials, is the protection of water quality and quantity not only in Lake What - com, but also in the eleven permanent streams situated in the study area. Thus, inherent in the issue of an appropriate future land use desig- nation for each of the six analysis areas, is the provision for adequate and cost effective methods to protect water quality. Other issues in- volve designating the Watershed as an Environmentally Sensitive Area, pursuant to the provisions of the State Environmental policy Act, and the appropriate future land use designation in Basin III, the southern most lake basin. A non -urban land use designation may be the most ap- propriate to insure a comparatively pure water source to which the Bellingham water intake pipe may be extended. -7- POPULATION FORECASTS III. POPULATION FORECASTS Introduction The purpose of population forecasting, as it relates to land use planning, is to accommodate the long -term spatial requirements of various land uses such as residential, commercial, recreational and public. Population forecasting may also be of assistance in decision making for land use re- lated matters such as determining the appropriate scale and location of public works facilities and land development activities. In addition popu- lation forecasts are subject to revision which may be accomplished in the five year comprehensive plan update process. The population information contained herein is a summary of the fore- casts prepared by several agencies. Because of the technical difficulties involved with current and projected population assessment on a subarea basis, the information has. been presented by total county, unincorpor- ated county -and incorporated community. Furthermore, this information has been used in a qualitative manner or as a general guideline, rather than as a specific numerical forecast. To relate this information to the Lake Whatcom Subarea Comprehensive Plan the following assumptions are established: 1) The majority of population growth will occur in the Geneva, North Shore, Southwest Shore and Sudden Valley URBAN RE- SERVE and RESIDENTIAL -RURAL areas. 2) The remainder of population growth will occur in RURAL areas. 3) The rate of population growth will be at unincorporated Whatcom County rates (Table B). Tables A, B and C respectively relate to total Whatcom County, unin- corporated Whatcom County and Bellingham population trends and fore- casts. Figures 1, 2 and 3 present this information in a graphical format. The remainder of the information summarizes the various assumptions and variables which may affect the included population forecasts. -8- FIGURE I TOTAL WHATCOM COUNTY . POPULATION TRENDS AND FORECASTS: 1970-2000 (1000,B) 190 /WCCOG 180 / 170 / / CBI 160 MEAN / �• 150 140 / / BPA z i 0 .�.• Q 130 0 120 :.�; •' / a •.••'doo. 110 •,��. 100 90 80 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR TABLE A TOTAL WHATCOM COUNTY POPULATION TRENDS AND-FORECASTS: 1970 -2000 (INCORPORATED AND UNINCORPORATED) Research Agencv 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 U:S. Census 81,983 106,701 6&1: EIS1 103,941 119,771 132,997 149,217 167,287 WCCOG2 104,876 122,300 141,160 160,623 184,910 OFM3 106,733 119,297 132,352 147,976 156,553 BPA4 102,350 113,625 123,925 132,750 141,350 Mean - -- - -- 118,748 132,609 147,642 162,525 ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1970 -1980 1980 -1990 1990 -2000 2.67 %5 2.20%6 2.06 %7 *Refer to page 15 for footnotes. FIGURE 2 UNINCORPORATED WHATCOM COUNTY POPULATION TRENDS AND FORECASTS: 1970-2000 (1000,S) 90 80 70 60 z 0 50 H a -j 40 1 CL 0 a 30 20 E TITJID 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR TABLE B UNINCORPORATED WHATCOM COUNTY POPULATION TRENDS AND FORECASTS: 1970 -2000 Research Agency 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 U.S. Census 34,004 48,628 CB&I: EIS1 47,652 56,825 64,456 74,026 84,769 WCCOG2 46,451 55,340 64,305 73,603 86,210 Mean - -- - -- 56,083 64,381 73,815 85,490 ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1970 -1980 1980 -1990 1990 -2000 3.u4% 2.84% 2.88% *Refer to page 15 for footnotes. -10- (1,000,S) 90 80 70 60 z 0 50 H a 40 a 0 a 30 ME E FIGURE 3 BELLINGHAM POPULATION TRENDS AND FORECASTS :1970 -2000 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 YEAR TABLE C BELLINGHAM POPULATION TRENDS AND FORECASTS: 1970 -2000 Research Agency 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 U.S. Census 39,375 45,794 CB &I: EIS1 44,672 49,336 53,287 57,873 62,888 WCCOG2 46,000 52,691. 58,890 65,660 73,210 Mean - -- - -- 50,691 56,890 61,660 68,049 ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1970 -1980 1980 -1990 1990 -2000 1.52 %5 2.05 %6 1.83 %7 *Refer to page 15 for footnotes. -11- Assumptions Relating to Population Forecasts All population forecasts are based on assumptions which affect the numerical results and population forecasting agencies do not make the same assumptions. The following items are intended to present an over- view of assumptions as they relate to Whatcom County populations: 1) In- migration$ will continue to substantially contribute to popula- tion increases at the Washington State and Whatcom County levels. 2) The trend of decreasing family size and population per household will continue. 3) Labor market potential and location will affect population distri- bution, and gross natural increase and in- migration levels. 4) The purpose of the populations forecast affects assumption utili- zation, which in turn affects the results. Variables Affecting Population Forecasts Agencies which prepare population forecasts often make revisions due to changes in the variables related to assumptions. The following variable are intended as an overview for potential Whatcom County population forecast revisions and may not affect all the agencies whose forecasts are contained herein: 1) Changes in Whatcom County birth, death and in- migration rates. 2) Changes in the level of industrial development and the related la- bor market potential of the Cherry Point area, as well as, other locations with the county. 3) Changes in the Canadian economy and the related level of Canadian spending9 in Whatcom County. 4) Changes in the demand for local resources (agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining raw materials or products) with respect to lo- cal consumption or state, national or international export mar- kets. -12- Footnotes 4 1Parametrix, Inc. et al; Environmental Impact Statement for Chicago Bridge & Iron Co. /Snelson Anvil, Inc. Cherry Point Marine Construction Facility; page 198. 2Whatcom County Council of Governments; Population Forecasts; June, - 1980. 3Office of Financial Management; "Special Report #36 Forecasts of the State and County Populations by Age and Sex: 1985 - 2000 "; May, 1981. 4Bonneville Power Administration; Population, Employment and Households Projected to 2000; July, 1979. 5Annual growth rates are based upon the official 1970 and 1980 U. S. Census figures. - 6Annual growth rates are based upon the official 1980 U. S. Census figure and the 1990 mean calculation figure. 7Annual growth rates are based upon the 1990 and 2000 mean calculation figures. 8In- migration is equal to total population less natural increase, in which natural increase is equal to total births less total deaths. 9The Whatcom County Council of Government's population forecast ex- hibits a high correlation with the Canadian Impact Study and is thus presumed to accommodate Canadian spending. -13- GOAL STATEMENTS IV. GOAL STATEMENTS The following goals provide the general direction for making land use decisions in the subarea and Whatcom County as a whole. They were de- veloped and adopted by the Planning Commission and County Council in July 1979. A. Regional Design Goals 1. Future urban development should occur within or imme- diately adjacent to existing urban areas in order to elimi- nate sprawl and strip development, assure the provision of an adequate range of urban services, conserve agricultural and forestry lands, optimize investments in public services and conserve energy resources. 2. Future development in rural areas should be low density, compliment existing rural character, contribute to the con- servation of agricultural and forest land and not result in demands for urban -level services. B. Growth Management Goals 1. To promote a conscientious program designed to plan, guide and influence the appropriate location, timing, intensity, type and servicing of diverse land use patterns. 2. To determine the required amounts of land anticipated to be utilized within the planning period (15 years) while retainin options for future land use decisions beyond the planning period. 3. To encourage a predictable pattern of urban and rural devel- opment which utilizies previously committed land areas and existing facility investments before committing new areas for development. 4. To insure that a beneficial balance exists between the sup- ply and demand for public services. To encourage the co- operation among municipalities, special districts, and asso- ciations in the planning and provision of public services. To discourage the proliferation of unnecessary special purpose districts. 5. To develop a concise, equitable, and practical set of land use regulations intended to implement the goals, policies and proposals of the County Comprehensive Plan in a timely and orderly fashion. C. Land Use Goals 1. To conserve the agricultural and forest lands of Whatcom County for the continued production of food, forage and -14- timber crops while promoting the expansion and stability of -? the county's agricultural and forestry economies. 2. Urban residential development should be planned in areas that can be economically and efficiently served with exist- ing or planned services, optimize energy use, function as in- tegral neighborhood units, and can environmentally support intensive land uses. 3. Adequate community and neighborhood commercial facili- ties should be encouraged in appropriate locations while avoiding incompatible land use and the proliferation of un- necessary new commercial areas. 4. To encourage a balanced and diversified economy in order to assure desirable local employment opportunities and to strengthen and stabilize the tax base. To accommodate anti- cipated economic development in an environmentally re- sponsible manner with due consideration for public cost, energy availability, land use compatibility and transporta- tion accessibility. 5. To promote the availability of economical and attractive housing for all income, age and ethnic groups, while also en- hancing the integrity and identity of existing communities. 6. To promote a functional, coordinated and multi -mode trans- portation system which provides for the safe and efficient movement of people and goods, avoids undesirable environ- mental impacts, and optimizes. public investments and the conservation of energy resources. 7. Adequate facilities and services which provide diverse edu- cation, recreation, cultural and social opportunities should be encouraged. D. Cultural and Natural Resources 1. To identify and manage environmentally sensitive areas in such a manner as to prevent destruction of the resource base and reduce potential losses to property and human life. 2. To continue the identification of cultural and natural re- sources and formulate viable methods to preserve and con- serve such resources in recognition of their irreplaceable character. 3. To promote a park and recreation system which is inte- grated with existing and planned land use patterns and is diverse, abundant and assures maximum public access and usage. -15- E. Citizen Involvement and Intergovernmental Coordination: 1. To assure opportunity for citizens to be involved in the for- mulation of land use goals, policies and proposals and to pro- vide a structure for citizen participation in the planning program of federal, state, regional and local agencies. 2. To participate in intergovernmental coordination with fed- eral, state, provincial, regional and local agencies, to de- velop a coordinated approach to problems which transcend local government bodies and to create an environment for the exchange of information and technical assistance. -16- LAND USE DESIGNATIONS- RATIONALE AND LOCATIONAL CRITERIA V. RATIONALE & LOCATIONAL CRITERIA FOR LAND USE DESIGNA- TIONS The comprehensive land use map, together with the policies, designates the most appropriate locations for the various land use patterns of the subarea. The land use designations as illustrated on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map represent the most appropriate uses of land in the subarea for the planning period. These designations have been developed as a means of addressing or resolving particular land use issues. To be consistent in the application of the designations, as well as to avoid confusion about how the land use map was drawn, the following rationale and locational criteria for each land use designation is set forth. A. URBAN RESERVE Rationale It is a well established fact in the western United States that urban areas have traditionally responded to growth pressures by adhering to policies of outward expansion. As long as this trend continues there will be an almost constant demand for land, the most fundamental of all ur- ban resources. Although outward expansion is accepted as a common city planning practice, problems have typically arisen when potential urban lands have been committed to long -term "non- urban" uses. Primarily caused by the lack of written public policy among governmental jurisdic- tions, this situation has resulted in uncoordinated and costly service systems, inefficient transportation networks, and unmanageable land use patterns. As a means of curbing this situation that is currently developing in the urban "fringe areas" of the county, the revised Comprehensive Plan esta- blishes the URBAN RESERVE land use designation. The rationale under- lying the designation is to reserve certain land in the fringe areas of cities, and other satellite communities that have previously demonstrat- ed an urban level of densities and attendant range of urban services, for future urban purposes and encourage interim uses that are complimen- tary and compatible with future urban densities and services. When ur- ban services are eventually provided to these areas, land use densities shall increase and result in an orderly, economic and expeditious transi- tion from rural to urban land use patterns. Thus, the URBAN RESERVE designation is defined as those areas adjacent to municipal boundaries which may be urbanized at such time that a full range of urban services (sewer, water storm drainage, transportation improvments and sheriff protection) can be efficiently provided, as well as those satellite areas where urban densities and services have been previously planned. In addi- tion, land proposed for annexation to an adjacent municipality shall be evaluated, by the Boundary Review Board pursuant to RCW 36.93.170 Locational Criteria The criteria to be utilized for the application of the URBAN RESERVE designation includes the following: -17- 1. Land areas adjacent to the City of Bellingham, or satellite areas, that are of sufficient size to adequately accommodate the pro- jected demands for residential, commercial, transportation and public uses for a ten to fifteen year time frame. 2. Land areas where a range of urban services, i.e. sewer, water, storm drainage, transportation improvements, fire and sheriff protection, and parks and recreation, presently exist or can be economically and efficiently provided in the near future. 3. Areas that contain an adequate supply of vacant urbanizable land to avoid the artificial inflation of land values. 4. The boundaries of the URBAN RESERVE designation should: a. be well defined, logical, provide a physical "sense of com- munity", and be capable of being expanded to accommodate additional urban growth as the need arises; and b. acknowledge existing and potential land use densities as to their urban or rural character. Urban land use densities should be included within the urban service areas; whereas, rural land use densities may be grounds for excluding such areas. A.1. URBAN RESERVE MEDIUM DENSITY Rationale Through the application of the locational criteria described above, lands adjacent to municipalities or satellite areas that are considered to be urbanized within the planning period and can be served with a full range of urban services should be designated as URBAN RESERVE. Within these areas Whatcom County recognizes the need to provide a land sup- ply where more affordable housing types, such as condominiums, apart- ments, townhouses and mobile home parks, can be situated. To address this need an URBAN RESERVE MEDIUM DENSITY comprehensive plan land use designation is provided which includes two maximum density classifications: six dwelling units per acre and twelve dwelling units per acre. The following locational criteria provides direction for the placement of the respective medium density classifications: Locational Criteria 1. The density classification of six dwelling units per acre should be applied to areas that are adjacent to low density urban reserve areas. 2. The density classifications of twelve units per acre should be ap- plied to areas that are either adjacent to existing or planned resi- dential developments containing similar density levels or adjacent to existing or planned commercial or light industrial develop- ments where such. activities are considered as complimentary and compatible with multi - family residential living. -18- B. RESIDENTIAL -RURAL Rationale Not all citizens prefer to live in concentrated urban areas but instead prefer a setting of less density. This setting commonly implies that ur- ban utility services (public provision of both sewer and water) are not planned, sheriff and fire protection are provided to a lesser degree than in urban areas, roadways have not been scheduled for capital improve- ments to county standards and the residential landscape is visually dif- ferent from urban area. In addition, residents of such areas are usually not self- sufficient and instead rely on urban areas for amenities such as shopping, employment and entertainment. Thus, the RESIDENTIAL - RURAL designation is intended to provide land areas in close proximity to urban areas where non -urban living patterns may develop with mini- mal public service costs. Locational Criteria The criteria to be used for the application of the RESIDENTIAL -RURAL designation include the following: 1. Land currently served or planned to be served with only a partial range of urban level services, i.e. publicly provided sewer or water, fire and sheriff protection and storm drainage (where ap- propriate); 2. Land areas where low density residential development currently exists and where such densities are planned to continue in the fu- ture; and 3. Lands that contain soils that are generally not considered as suit- able for commercial agriculture, forestry or mineral extraction. Because of the non -urban nature of RESIDENTIAL -RURAL areas, trans- portation facilities are limited to a secondary arterial or lower classification and road improvements are limited to maintenance only. In addition, the boundaries of Residential -Rural areas should be well defined with physical or man -made features. C. RURAL Rationale The present land use pattern in several areas of the subarea are charac- terized by part to full time farming or forestry and low density residen- tial activity. This type of landscape can be considered as "rural', i.e. an area containing a combination of pastureland, woodlots and dispersed re- sidential settlement land use patterns. Dispersed settlement patterns are perhaps a function of the absence of past and future public commitments concerning the provision of sewer, water and roadway improvements, and the preference to live in a very -19- low density rural setting. Additionally physical conditions (soils, water 4 or topography) may have imposed constraints to higher densities of de- velopment. These areas may also contain non - renewable natural resources, such as soils which contribute to agricultural or forestry productivity, or sand and gravel deposits suitable for extraction. The rural areas of the subarea offer alternative residential living styles compared to that of the urban or moderately dense residential setting. Employment alternatives also exist that are associated with part to full time agriculture, forestry and home occupations. In addition, the exist- ing parcel sizes are sufficient to accommodate future land use disposi- tion, beyond the planning period, as agricultural, forestry or low to moderate density residential areas. Thus, the RURAL designation is important in the Subarea Plan in that it provides flexibility concerning very low density residential, forestry and agricultural land uses while retaining future private and public options pertaining to land management. Locational Criteria The criteria to be used for the application of the RURAL land use desig- nation include the following: 1. Lands where the existing dwelling unit density is less than one dwelling unit per two acres, average parcel size is greater than two acres, land use history indicates a blend of part and full time agriculture forestry and woodlot operations; 2. Lands where sewer service is provided by on -site septic disposal and water service is provided by on -site wells, surface water sup- plies and water associations. In addition, future water and sewer service is not intended to be supplied by city, county or district service entities; and 3. Lands that poses physical developmental constraints such as slow soil percolation rates, seasonal ponding, the presence of aquifers or groundwater recharge areas and topography in excess of 15% slope. D. FORESTRY Rationale Historically forestry and related industries have assumed a significant role in the local economy, a role which has expanded to effect state, national and international economies. Not only is forestry economically important, it is significant in the renewable resource base afforded Whatcom County through forest management. In addition, forested areas often contain non - renewable mineral and non - mineral resources, serve as wildlife habitats and contribute to watershed management. However, as population increases related development may create pressure to -20- irrevocably convert forest land. Therefore, it is imperative that Whatcom County provide for the long term productivity of forest and related resources by safeguarding such areas from conversion to non- forest uses. Planning these areas for FORESTRY will augment the con- tinued viability of Whatcom County's renewable and non - renewable resource base. Locational Criteria Areas which are suitable for the FORESTRY designation may be identi- fied through analysis of the following land use, social and physical fac- tors: 1. Land use patterns indicate a predominance of large parcel sizes ranging from twenty to 640 acres. 2.- Parcels are usually owned for the purpose of growing and harvest- ing timber by major timber industries, logging companies, the State of Washington and private individuals engaged in woodlot operations. 3. The majority of parcels are classified in current use tax assess- ment, consistent with the provisions of Washington State law. 4. There is a minimal amount of public roads and other services which are generally precursors to and augment residential devel- opment. 5. Certain physical constraints to residential development may also exist such as slopes in excess of 15 %, soils which are not suitable for septic tanks or conventional building foundations, unstable geologic units or wildlife habitats. 6. Non - renewable natural resources such as minerals, coal, gravel or soils which may augment forestry management may also be pre- sent. E. PUBLIC Rationale This designation recognizes those parcels and facilities currently in or planned for public ownership where the primary function is to provide public services. The intent of this designation is to assure continuation and potential expansion of acreages, facilities and services at levels con- sistent with population requirements and effected in a manner that is compatible with surrounding land uses. Locational Criteria To identify areas which are suitable for the PUBLIC designation the fol- lowing criteria are employed: -21- 1. Parcels are currently owned or considered for ownership by public M agencies such as the Federal Government, State of Washington, Whatcom County, cities (when property is situated outside of municipal boundaries), and special purpose districts such as school, fire and water districts; and 2. The function of parcel ownership is to provide public services such as recreation, education, utilities, communications, trans- portation (not including roadways), solid waste disposal and health care. F. QUASI- PUBLIC Rationale The QUASI = PUBLIC land use designation is necessary to distinguish those areas where public institutional uses exist which are under private control and the scope of the institutional uses is different, both in function and attendant on and off -site impacts, from surrounding land uses. Thus, the QUASI - PUBLIC designation intends to assure continua- tion of institutional functions in a manner which will not be affected by or affect surrounding land uses. Locational Criteria Areas which should be designated as QUASI - PUBLIC shall conform to the following criteria: 1. Parcels are owned by institutions such as churches, universities, colleges, schools, or private foundations; and 2. the purpose of parcel ownership is to provide education, religious training, meeting centers, day use recreation, summer camps, or a combination thereof. -22- POLICIES VI. POLICIES - Introduction Many land use problems may arise through urbanization of the Lake Whatcom Watershed. A most fundamental concern is the effect that ur- banization will have on the waters within the watershed and upon which the population of the greater Bellingham area will be dependent in the foreseeable future. Uncontrolled urbanization will degrade water qual- ity, and reduce water quantity during critical periods of the year, thereby further degrading water quality, which will affect the appear- ance of Lake Whatcom, jeopardize public health and increase treatment costs, and hasten the need for development of supplementary water sources. Actions, are recommended as necessary for the development of appropriate land use controls that are urgently required to avoid these unnecessary consequences in both the public and private interests.* The policies contained herein provide the basis to guide and influence the appropriate location, type, intensity, timing and servicing of land use patterns within the Lake Whatcom Subarea. The policies have been de- veloped in accordance with the planning process and are intended to re- spond to a myriad of issues identified by the public and private sectors of the Subarea. During the citizen participation stages of the planning process, a concern expressed by many residents was that the Planning Commission should adhere to a very conservative and cautious approach in developing the Lake Whatcom Subarea Plan to insure against detri- mental impacts to the quality and quantity of the Lake's water supply. The Planning Commission has embraced this concern and has proposed a plan that, in general, presents a status quo approach to urbanization in the watershed until the various hydrological characteristics and the ef- fects of urbanization on the watershed are more fully known. Whatcom County, together with the City of Bellingham and District No. 10, is currently applying to the Washington State Department of Ecology to fund a diagnostic and feasibility study to determine the hydrological characteristics of the watershed. Therefore, the focus of the following policies is to promote the conser- vation of the Lake Whatcom Watershed through recognition of existing patterns of Urban, Rural and Forestry land uses while deterring major alterations of the existing land use patterns until the findings of the aforementioned study are available. The following policies address the various land use designations illus- trated on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Mao; community facility and utilities, environmental features and transportation. *AD HOC Lake Whatcom Watershed Citizens Committee Report -23- A. URBAN RESERVE Intent Statement The primary purpose of the URBAN RESERVE policy is to promote an orderly transition from rural land uses and densities to urban uses and densities, while moving toward the attainment of the Regional Design Goal with respect to future urban development. In addition, the policy intends to encourage the responsible growth of urban areas by assuring that an adequate range of urban services (sewer, storm water drainage, schools, parks, water, fire and sheriff protection) are available to sup- port urban level densities. When such services are available, develop- ment should occur in neighborhood units which have appropriate levels of densities, uses and circulation networks. To facilitate future urban growth, the URBAN RESERVE policy is in- tended to discourage the establishment of interim uses and subdivision patterns which may foreclose significant future alternatives pertaining to urban densities and the efficient provision of services. Moreover, this policy is intended to maintain, prior to the approval of an accepted site specific plan'for the implementation of services, the low density charac- ter of the area and to allow reasonable uses of property by permitting compatible residential, recreational, commercial, forestry and agricul- tural land uses. Finally, the designation and application of the URBAN RESERVE policy is intended to accomplish the following objectives: 1. To reduce urbanization and encroachment pressures on lands that are most suitable to intensive agricultural or forestry operations. 2. To stabilize land speculation and the artificial inflation of land values in the "urban fringe" by designating an adequate amount of land for urban growth and uses during the planning period. 3. To provide land owners with a reasonable expectation of future municipal and county land use policies. 4. To reduce inequitable taxing structures on non -urban land located near urbanizing areas. 5. To conserve energy resources by reducing unnecessary travel between living, shopping and work places. 6. To encourage the conservation of natural resources and environ- mentally sensitive areas, both within and outside of the area de- signated as URBAN RESERVE. Policv Statement 1.01 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to plan for future urban development in certain portions of the Lake Whatcom Subarea by designating such lands as URBAN RESERVE on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map. The boundaries of the Geneva and the Sudden Valley URBAN RESERVE areas have been delineated in conformance with the Locational Criteria, -24- as set forth in the previous section. The predominate land use pattern within these URBAN RESERVE areas shall be residential and related forms, including neighborhood parks, schools, neighborhood commercial, public and recreational uses. 1.02 Within the areas designated as URBAN RESERVE the future land use patterns are intended to be urban. Similarly, the level of services should also be urban. Thus, future urban development shall be provided with a full-range of urban services that includes public sewer and water, fire and sheriff protection, transportation facilities, parks, schools and stormwater drainage systems. 1.03 Since urban services are currently being provided by a multipli- city of service entities, i.e. city, county and district, it is the policy of Whatcom County to coordinate the service areas and standards of each service entity to attain a uniform and appro- priate level of urban service. (Refer to Community Facilities and Utilities Policies to determine the agency responsible for service). 1.04 To move toward the implementation of the county's residential land use goal and to further the intent of the URBAN RESERVE land use designation, it is the policy of Whatcom County to de- signate and plan for new urban neighborhoods. These neighbor- hoods should be based on the following commonly accepted cri- teria: sufficient size, utilization of man -made and natural boundaries; the manageable and efficient provision of sewer, water, transportation services, fire and sheriff protection services and stormwater drainage; and an available supply of vacant developable land. The components of a neighborhood should include the following: an elementary school, if necessary; recreational facilities, including neighborhood parks; neighbor- hood commercial uses; a variety of residential structures and uses; and efficient pedestrian and vehicular circulation networks. 1.05 With the intent of acknowledging existing urban development patterns and reserving land for future urban uses, densities and service levels, it is the policy of Whatcom County to establish two (2) land use densities within the areas designated for URBAN RESERVE. Where a full -range of services are available the density shall be 3 dwelling units per acre and where such services are nonexistant the density shall be one dwelling unit per 5 acres. To implement this policy for each of the URBAN RESERVE areas, the following policies are provided: 1.05.1 In the Geneva Analysis Area, Whatcom County shall amend its Zoning Map to the Urban Residential zon- ing district. The applicable land use density shall be three (3) dwelling units per acre where sewer, water, transportation, fire and law enforcement services currently exist. -25- In areas where such services do not exist the appli- cable density shall be one (1) dwelling unit per five (5) acres of land area. 1.05.2 In the Sudden Valley Analysis Area, Whatcom County shall amend its Zoning Map to the Urban Residential zoning district. The applicable land use density for residential development shall be three (3) dwelling units per acre where sewer, water, transportation, fire and law enforcement services currently exist. In areas where such services do not exist the applicable density shall be one (1) dwelling unit per five (5) acres of land area. Whatcom County shall amend its zoning map to de- signate tracts of R, L, J, K, S, U, Q, N -2 and P (described in the "Protective Covenants for Sudden Valley Condominium Tracts" dated June 9, 1977 and recorded under Whatcom County Auditor's File No. 1254476) as multi - family or condominium tracts within the Medium Density (MUR -12) zoning district with maximum densities of eight dwelling units per acre to ten dwelling units per acre with a commen- surate reduction in single family lots located else- where in the Sudden Valley Subdivision or through a reduction of multi - family units allocated to the above described tracts including Tract Y. Whatcom County shall amend its zoning map to de- signate Tract Z, W, the Byron Tract and Airport: as multiple - family or condominium tracts within the Medium Density (MUR -12) zoning district with maxi- mum densities of three dwelling units per acre. Den- sities may, however, be increased beyond three dwel- ling units per acre to ten dwelling units per acre with a commensurate reduction in single family lots lo- cated elsewhere in the Sudden Valley Subdivision or through reduction in multiple - family units allocated to any parcels in Sudden Valley. a. Reduction of single family lots for the purpose of increasing the density on said tracts shall be accomplished as follows: Platted single family building lots shall be procurred consistent with the provisions of Title 20.20.252 and /or 20.83.020 and .080 and designated as non- devel- opable lots through the filing of an irrevocable deed restriction which has been certified by the Whatcom County Zoning Administrator. Said deed restriction shall also indicate the total number of additional units to be added to the respective area tracts resulting from the reduc- tion of single family lots. -26- b. Reduction of multi - family units for the pur- poses of increasing density on said tracts shall be accomplished as follows: Multi - family dwelling units that are allocated to said tracts may be transferred between said tracts through the filing of an irrevocable deed restriction, certified by the Whatcom County Zoning Administrator, that indicates the num- ber of multi- family dwellings remaining on the various area tracts from which such units have been transferred and the corresponding increase in additional multi- family units to be allocated. 1.05.3 At such time that a full range of urban level services (public sewer, water, transportation, storm drainage, fire and. law enforcement) ,can be provided to pre - viously unserviced lands within the URBAN RESERVE area, Section 20.20.250 of the Official Whatcom County Zoning Ordinance shall be applicable. 1.06 Within the URBAN RESERVE areas a clustering option shall be provided to the applicant for the new land subdivisions. The pur- pose of this option is to provide economic flexibility to the indi- vidual property owner, promote economic lot design, conserve non - renewable natural resources and environmentally fragile areas, retain future options with respect to land use decisions, and maintain the low density Residential character of the area. When applying the "clustering option ", the URBAN RESIDEN- TIAL zone classification, as established in the zoning ordinance, shall be utilized to establish the overall density of the parcel of record. New land subdivisions for residential purposes shall be designed consistent with the following policies: 1.06.1 To minimize encroachments (ingress and egress) along county roads, subdivision design shall be discouraged. from forming lineal residential patterns adjacent to said roads. 1.06.2 When practicable, structures on open landscapes should be sited and designed to minimize disruptions of views from adjacent properties and public road -. ways. In addition, it is preferred that residential structures be placed at the perimeter of fields or within existing wooded areas (although the applica- tion of solar energy technology may require some de- partures from these preferences in specific in- stances). 1.06.3 When a "cluster" subdivision is situated adjacent to less intensive uses (agriculture, forestry or large par- cel residential), the subdivision shall be buffered at -27- the site periphery to prevent the encroachment of vehicles, pedestrians, animals and nuisances, on to less intensively utilized parcels. 1.07 The cluster method of subdivision is defined as an alternative. method of creating building parcels that involves: (a) Concentrating spatially efficient and marketable building lots while preserving the intent of the land use district; and (b) retaining options for future uses and densities by treating the land as both a commodity and a resource. The density of the use district defines the number of allowable dwelling units per land area. Land area not used for building pur- poses is designated as "Reserve Tract." Section 20.20.300 of the Official Whatcom County Zoning Ordinance further describes the purposes and uses of Clustering and the Reserve Tract. s 1.08 Existing and planned land use patterns in the Geneva and Sudden Valley URBAN RESERVE areas are intended for low density re- sidential uses. As these areas develop, it is anticipated that a demand will exist for neighborhood commercial uses. To accom- modate this anticipated demand the following policies are pro- vided: 1.08.1 The Sudden Valley URBAN RESERVE area should be provided with neighborhood commercial shopping complexs to accommodate the neighborhood's de- mands for convenience goods and services. Selection of the most appropriate site should be consistent with the following: located on a collector or secondary ar- terial, centrally located to the service area of the neighborhood, and be approximately 5 acres in size. In addition, the architectural and design should be _ compatible with the residential character of the neighborhood. To acknowledge the existing marina and resort near Strawberry Point, Whatcom County shall designate such use as a legal non - conforming use which shall be administered under the applicable provisions of the zoning ordinance. 1.08.2 To acknowledge the neighborhood commercial uses in the Geneva URBAN RESERVE area, such uses shall be conditionally permitted in the Urban Residential zoning district. 1.08.3 To acknowledge the geographical area in Sudden Val- ley containing the restaurant, clubhouse and leased condominiums, as a commercial resort area. This -28- commercial area shall be implemented with a new zoning district which shall be incorporated into the Official Whatcom County Zoning Ordinance. 1.09 At present, several productive large lot residential land use forms exist within the areas designated as URBAN RESERVE. Because of their well established nature, it is conceivable that such areas may not be converted to increased urban densities in the future. As urbanization occurs on the periphery of these areas, it is important to maintain their respective character and stability while insuring against detrimental impacts. Thus, the following design standards shall be applied to adjacent urban development: 1.09.1 Residential subdivisions and other urban uses shall buffer themselves with adequate landscaping, screen- ing or fencing to prevent the enroachment of vehi- cles, pedestrians, animals and nuisances onto less intensively utilized parcels. 1.09.2 Where practicable, subdivision and other urban uses shall be designed in such a manner as to channel their activity sources (vehicular and pedestrian networks) to the interior spaces of the site. 1.10 As part of the effort to effectively manage urban growth and so that the City of Bellingham may be aware of major subarea ac- tivities which may affect its best interests, the following policies are provided: 1.10.1 To further a joint exchange of information, Whatcom County shall send copies of applications of major land use, transportation and service entity activities pro- posed within the subarea to the City of Bellingham within fifteen (15) days of application receipt by the county. 1.10.2 The City of Bellingham is requested to send copies of future proposals concerning the expansion of the City's Water Service Zone and Sewer Service Zone boundaries, to the Whatcom County Planning Depart- ment. The purpose of such referral is to afford the county's input in the delineation of the boundary, as well as any related Comprehensive Plan and zone dis- trict changes. 1.11 While it is not anticipated that adjustments to the URBAN RESERVE land use designation will be necessary within the planning period, unexpected population growth of the subarea may result in a need to expand the area designated as URBAN RESERVE. If such need exists, the Comprehensive Plan should be amended consistent with the Amendment Criteria Section to include additional urbanizable land commensurate with the de- mand. -29- B. RESIDENTIAL -RURAL Intent Statement The intent of the RESIDENTIAL -RURAL land use designation is to main- tain the existing low density character of an area. Densities should range from one dwelling unit per acre to two dwelling units per acre, de- pending upon the range of county approved services and existing lot sizes. If there is adequate transportation capacities, publicly provided sewer or water, and lot sizes of greater than one acre exist or are plan- ned, the density of residential development shall be one dwelling unit per acre. Where a partial range of services exist or are planned and the average lot size is less than or equal to 18,000 square feet, the density of residential development shall be two dwelling units per acre. As a means of efficiently utilizing land, maintaining the present low density residential character and retaining options regarding increased densities and services in the future, it is the intent of the RESIDENTIAL -RURAL designation to. provide for the option of "clustering" in the design of new subdivision proposals. Policy Statement 1.01 Recognizing the past public commitments that have been made for low density residential and related uses, it is the policy of Whatcom County to designate the following areas as RESIDEN- TIAL- RURAL and to depict the areas as such on the Compre- hensive Plan Land Use Map: 1.01.1 The North Shore area which is generally bounded by the city of Bellingham on the west, the shoreline on the south, the eastern boundary of Water and Sewer District No. 10's ULID #11 on the east and north and the Bonneville Power Administration Powerlines and boundary of the RR -2 zone line on the north. The Squalicum Mountain area which exists North of the watershed boundar in Sections 13 and 14, Town- ship 38 North, Range 3 East. 1.01.2 The Southwest Shore area which is generally bounded by Strawberry Point, the shoreline, the Lakewood - Sudden Valley property lines, and a portion of the State of Washington plat and the S.W. 1/4 of Town- ship 34, Section 38N, Range 3E. 1.01.3 The South Bay area which is generally bounded by the shoreline, the Whatcom County Park Department property line, and South Bay Drive. 1.02 Within the area designated as RESIDENTIAL - RURAL, typical uses shall include single family attached and detached dwellings, preferably in a "cluster" formation; public parks and recreation facilities; home occupations; and neighborhood grocery stores. -30- 1.03 Whatcom County shall implement the RESIDENTIAL -RURAL land use designation by application of the RESIDENTIAL - RURAL Zone District, in which the residential density ranges from one dwelling unit per acre to two dwelling units per acre. 1.03.1 The density of one dwelling unit per acre shall apply to the following areas: The North Shore area bounded by the ULID 16 Eastern boundary described as that portion of the east line of the west half of the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 24, Township 38 North, Range 3 East of W.M., What - com County Washington, lying northerly of North Shore Road and southerly of the southerly line of Bonneville Power Administration transmission line easements across said southwest quarter of the southeast quarter on the west, the Bonneville Power - lines right -of -way on the north, Sewer and Water Dis- trict No. 10's ULID #11 on the east and north and North Shore Drive on the south and the South Bay Area. 1.03.2 The density of two dwelling units per acre shall apply to the Southwest Shore and North Shore area (as de- scribed in Policy 1.01.1) excluding those lands de- scribed in 1.03.1 above. 1.04 Within the RESIDENTIAL -RURAL Zone District, new land sub- divisions for residential purposes may be designed with either a conventional or cluster lot layout pattern. Whichever subdivision pattern is used, the following policies shall pertain to the subdi- vision design. 1.04.1 The overall density of development, pertinent to the original parcel of record, shall not exceed the density provisions addressed in policies 1.03.1 and 1.03.2 above. 1.04.2 To minimize encroachments (ingress and egress) a- long existing county roads, subdivision design shall be discouraged from forming lineal residential patterns adjacent to said roads. 1.04.3 When practical, structures should be designed to minimize disruption of views, maximize solar heating opportunities, and conserve existing vegetative cover. 1.04.4 When a subdivision is situated adjacent to less inten- sive land use designations such as FORESTRY or RURAL, the subdivision shall be buffered at the site periphery to prevent the encroachment of vehicles, pedestrians, animals and nuisances, onto other less intensively utilized areas. -31- 1.05 1.06 The existing neighborhood commercial uses in the Agate Bay Area shall be conditionally permitted within the Residential Rural zone district. The cluster method of subdivision is defined as an alternative method of creating building parcels that involves: a) concentrating spatially efficient and marketable building lots while complying with the intent of the land use dis- trict; and b) retaining options for future uses and densities by treating the land as both a commodity and a resource. The density of the use district defines the number of al- lowable dwelling units per land area and establishes a minimum lot size. Minimum lot size is intended to be consistent with Whatcom County Health Board Rules and Regulations concerning soil percolation rates for septic systems. Land area not used for building purposes is de- signated as a "reserve tract" and should be used for agri- culture, forestry, open space or future subdivision at such time the Comprehensive Plan is amended to allow an in- crease in density. The Official Whatcom County Zoning Ordinance describes the density for various land use dis- tricts where the cluster method can be utilized, the cri- teria to be used in designing building lots, and the provi- sions of the reserve tract. -32- C. RURAL Intent Statement The primary intent of the RURAL policy is to provide areas of multiple use suitability such as agriculture, forestry, mining, low density residen- tial and home occupations. The multiple use potential of RURAL areas may be contrasted with those of other areas within which past commit- ments such as residential subdivisions and attendant services or resource availability i.e. agricultural soils or timber stands, have dictated single land use suitability. An additional intent of the policy is to move toward attainment of the Regional Design Goal with respect to future rural development in which residential density should be low, not result in a demand for urban ser- vices (publicly provided sewer and water, storm drainage, fire and sheriff protection, and transportation improvements), conserve agricul- tural and forest lands, and compliment the existing "rural" character. The "rural" character may be defined as an area where there is a mix- ture of pastureland, cropland, woodlots and dispersed settlement land forms. The RURAL policy is also intended to 'acknowledge physical and cultural factors which currently are and during the planning period will continue to be limitations to higher densities. Physical factors relate to soil percolation rates, depth to groundwater level, steep topography, and the presence of aquifers; whereas, cultural factors pertain to the absence of public services and circulation networks. Moreover, this policy intends to conserve environmentally fragile areas, and retain future access options with respect to non - renewable natural resources (sand, gravel, coal and minerals, and soils which contribute to agricultural and forest producti- vity). To encourage the multiple land use potential, retain the "rural" charac- ter of the area, acknowledge factors which may preclude higher densi- ties, and retain future options with respect to land use decisions and natural resource utilization, it is the intent of the RURAL policy to provide the option of "clustering" in the design of new rural subdivisions. Policy Statement 1.01 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to designate portions of the Lake Whatcom Subarea, which are consistent with the Rural Locational Criteria, as RURAL and depict them as such on the Comprehensive Plan Map. Applicable areas include the following: 1.01.1 The "Y "- Squalilcum area which is generally bounded by the subarea boundary on the north, the topo- graphic break between 0 -15 and 15 -30% slope on the east. and west the Bonneville powerline right of way on the south. -33- 1.01.2 The Toad Lake area which is generally bounded by Toad Lake Road and the subarea boundary on the west, the Bonneville powerline right of way on the south, and timber lands on the north and east. 1.01.3 The Northshore- Sunnyside area which is generally bounded by the Bonneville powerline right of way on the northeast, the Whatcom County Park Department property on the southeast, the shoreline on the west, and Water District No. 10's ULID boundary on the northwest. - -. 1.01.4 The Park Road valley area which is generally bounded by timber lands on the north, east and south, and South Bay Drive on the west. 1.01.5 The South Bay area which is generally bounded by the shoreline, South Bay Drive, the intersection of Cain Lake Road and South Bay Drive on the north, timber lands on the east and west, the subarea boundary on the south. 1.01.6 The South Lake Whatcom Boulevard area which is generally bounded by Lake Whatcom Boulevard on the west, the Firs property on the north, the shoreline on the east, and the intersection of Cain Lake Road and South Bay Drive on the south. 1.01.7 The upper Geneva area which is generally bounded by the URBAN RESERVE and RESIDENTIAL RURAL plan designation on the north, FORESTRY plan designation on the south, and the RESIDENTIAL RURAL plan designation on the east and west. 1.01.8 The Blue Canyon area which is generally bounded by Park, the 420 foot contour line and the shoreline. 1.01.9 The Academy Road area bounded by the city limits on the west, the Bonneville Powerline Right -of -Way on the north and east and the northern boundary of the RR -2 zone line on the south. 1.02 The RURAL land use designation shall be implemented through the use of the Rural zone district which allows a maximum land .use density of one dwelling unit per two acres and one dwelling unit per five acres. Consistent with the Locational Criteria for the RURAL land use designation; the density of one dwelling unit per two acres shall be applied to the South Lake Whatcom Boulevard area, South Bay area, the upper Geneva area, the Blue Canyon area the Academy Road south of Academy Road and the Northshore- Sunnyside area. The density of one dwelling unit per five acres shall be applied to the Toad Lake, "Y "-Squalicum, Park Road valley and the Academy Road area north of Academy Road and upper Geneva areas. -34- 1.03 The existing neighborhood commercial use and in the South Bay area shall be conditionally ` permitted within the Rural zone District. The existing resort uses in the South Bay area shall be con- sidered as legal non - conforming uses and thus will be admini- stered under the applicable provisions of the zoning ordinance. 1.04 The option of clustering in the design of new subdivisions is provided as a means of maintaining the low density rural char- acter, conserving natural and environmentally fragile areas, and encouraging site design to reflect both physical and economic conditions while retaining future options with respect to land use decisions. When applying the "clustering option ", the appro- priate zone classification shall be utilized to establish the over- all density of development pertinent to the parcel of record. For - example, a forty acre parcel situated within a Rural Five Acre (R5A) zone classification could have a maximum of eight build- ing lots with the minimum lot size established consistent with intent the Whatcom County Health Department's regulations for on -site septic disposal systems. In addition, new land subdivi- sions for residential purposes shall comply with the following policies: 1.04.1 To minimize encroachments (ingress and egress) along existing county roads, subdivision design shall be discouraged from forming lineal residential pat- terns adjacent to said roads. 1.04.2 When practical, structures on open landscapes should be sited and designed to minimize disruptions of views from adjacent properties and public roadways. In addition, it is preferred that residential structures be sited within the periphery of wooded areas to compliment and further the rural character of the area. 1.04.3 When a "cluster" subdivision is situated adjacent to less intensive uses (agriculture, forestry or large parcel residential), the subdivision shall be buffered at the site periphery to prevent the encroachment of vehicles, pedestrians, animals and nuisances, onto less intensively utilized parcels. 1.05 The cluster method of subdivision is defined as an alternative method of creating building parcels that involves: a) concentrating spatially efficient and marketable building lots while maintaining the intent of the land use district; and b) retaining options for future uses and densities by treating the land as both a commodity and a resource. -35- 1.06 The density of the use district defines the number of allowable dwelling units per land area and establishes a minimum lot size. Minimum lots size is determined consistent with Whatcom County Health Board Rules and Regulations concerning soil per- colation rates for on -site septic systems. Land area not used for building purposes is designated as a "reserve tract" and should be used for agriculture, forestry, open space or future subdivision at such time as the Comprehensive Plan is amended. The Offi- cial Whatcom County Zoning Ordinance describes the density for various use districts where the cluster method can be utilized, the criteria to be used in designing building lots, and the provi- sions of the reserve tract. It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage property owners to conserve Prime Farmlands, Farmlands of Statewide Importance and forested areas by utilizing the provisions of RCW 84.34. -36- D. FORESTRY Intent Statement The FORESTRY designation intends to move toward attainment of the Whatcom County Goal Statements which address the conservation of forest lands and provide for the continued economic vitality of forest industries. To accomplish such, the FORESTRY designation intends to identify areas which are suitable for the long -term productivity and sustained use of forest resources. To minimize conflict with and en- croachment by non - forest uses, and to guard against forest land conver- sion, the policies intend to discourage residential and recreation - residential uses. Moreover, the FORESTRY designation intends to ac- commodate other compatible and related uses such as non - renewable re- source extraction, wildlife management, watershed management, and dispersed recreation. Finally, the FORESTRY designation intends that uses are conducted in accordance with applicable local, state and federal regulations. Policv Statement: 1.01 It is the policy of Whatcom County to designate those portions of the Lake Whatcom Subarea which conform to the Locational Criteria established in the previous section as FORESTRY on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map. To implement this policy, the existing Rural, Rural Farm, Potential Suburban and Forestry designations shall be repealed and amended to FORESTRY, consistent with the policies stated herein. 1.02 The principal use of FORESTRY areas shall be sustained yield forest management which is conducted in accordance with the Washington State Forest Practice Act (RCW 76.09) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (WAC 222), as admini- stered by the Department of Natural Resources. Forest manage- ment includes practices such as timber production, harvesting and reforestation; forest chemical use; logging road construction and maintenance; fire prevention and suppression; the protection of public resources including water quality, fish and wildlife, seed orchards; and small private timber production such as woodlot operations. 1.03 Secondary uses of FORESTRY areas shall include forest indus- tries which are a necessary adjunct to forest management; utilities such as electrical transmission line corridors, micro- wave relay stations, and micro and small scale hydro - electric generation facilities; dispersed and low intensity recreational activities; mineral and non - mineral extraction; and fish, wildlife and watershed management. 1.04 It is the policy of Whatcom County to require local public re- view of secondary uses in FORESTRY areas with the intent of determining the following: -37- 1.04.1 The use will not cause a permanent and irrevocable commitment of the forest resource to other uses. 1.04.2 The use will not prohibit or impact the intensive operation of adjoining forest practices. 1.04.3 The use will have fire prevention and suppression plans and will not create a fire hazard for adjoining forestry operations. 1.04.4 The use is in compliance with all applicable local, state and federal regulations. 1.04.5 When proposed to be situated within the Lake What - com Watershed, the use will not significantly impact or degrade surface and subsurface water quality and quantity characteristics. 1.05 It is the policy of Whatcom County to establish twenty (20) acres as the minimum parcel size for sustained yield forest management, as well as to safeguard forest lands from potential impacts generated by secondary uses. 1.06 It is the policy of Whatcom County to foster compatibility between forest practices and residential uses by establishing a minimum parcel size of twenty (20) acres for each. residence, requiring all residential and related structures to be situated a minimum of two - hundred (200) feet from parcel boundaries, and assuring that all potential residents are clearly informed of the principal use of FORESTRY areas and the intensive forest prac- tices which may reasonably and lawfully occur in the normal course of forest management. 1.07 It is the policy of Whatcom County to implement the FORES- TRY designation and policies with the Forestry zone district which shall also include provisions for the above stated policies 1.02, 1.03, 1.04, 1.05 and 1.06. 1.08 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage the Depart- ment of Natural Resources to continue county notification of all classes of forest practice applications. In addition, the county shall encourage the DNR to conduct public information pro - grams, when jointly determined to be necessary, concerning forest practices which are proposed to occur within the Lake Whatcom Watershed. 1.09 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage private forest and woodlot owners to conserve the county forest resource base by utilizing the current use tax assessment provisions of RCW 84.28, RCW 84.33 and RCW 84.34. 1.10 Pursuant to the provisions of RCW 79.68 (Multiple Use Concept in Management and Administration of State -owned Lands), it is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage continued multiple use management of state owned forest lands. -38- E. PUBLIC Intent Statement With reference to parcels which currently are owned or planned for own- ership by public agencies, the intent of the following policies is to implement the County Goal Statements relating to public facilities and services, and to assure the continued public provision of a variety of services in a manner that is commensurate with population levels and re- quirements. Furthermore, the policies are intended to optimize public investments and promote compatibility between public functions and surrounding land uses. Policy Statement 1.01 It is the policy of Whatcom County to designate areas as PUB- LIC on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map when such areas are consistent with the Locational Criteria of the previous section. Typical uses in PUBLIC planned areas include facilities and services related to the provision of recreation, education, utilities, communications, solid waste disposal, health care and water diversion works. 1.02 Within the Lake Whatcom Subarea the following uses shall be designated PUBLIC: state and county owned parks, wildlife re- serves and fish hatcheries, schools; fire stations; health care facilities; district owned water treatment plants and storage facilities; district owned sewer transmission facilities; federally owned electrical transmission line corridors; and municipally owned water diversion corridors. 1.03 Implementation of the PUBLIC designation shall be accom- plished by: 1.03.1 application of the Recreation and Open Space zone to public recreation areas; and 1.03.2 by designating all other public functions to be used by right or condition within Whatcom County zoning dis- tricts. 1.04 Pursuant to the Inter -Local Cooperation Act (RCW 39.34), it is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage public agencies to prepare and adopt long range plans which address future land, facility and service requirements; the objective of which is to coordinate public and private activities, as well as to minimize potential future conflict between various public agencies and the private sector regarding plan implementation. 1.05 It is the policy of Whatcom County to cooperate and coordinate with the Whatcom County Parks Department in the integration of existing park plans into a Recreation and Open Space Ele- ment which will augment the County Comprehensive Plan. In addition, the County Parks Department shall be encouraged to -39- 1.06 1.07 1.08 participate in neighborhood park planning within the areas designated as URBAN RESERVE and RESIDENTIAL -RURAL on the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map. It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage public agencies to attain those parcels which benefit the continued operation of their function. Whenever practical, joint agreements between agencies shall be encouraged to expedite efficient public expen- diture. Whenever practical, it is the policy of Whatcom County to en- courage multi- purpose use of public lands facilities and services. It is the policy of Whatcom County to minimize visual and func- tional impacts of PUBLIC land uses through utilization of aesthetic site design which is compatible with the character of -the surrounding area. -40- F. QUASI- PUBLIC Intent Statement QUASI - PUBLIC land uses are defined as institutional uses operated for the public but under private control. The Quasi - Public uses that exist in the subarea include religions, educational, recreational and institutional facilities. These uses warrent a separate land use designation due to their distinctive character and variable impacts with surrounding uses Thus, the following policies serve to identify the type of use, location, and zoning of the quasi - public uses and properties within the Subarea. Policv Statement 1.01 Whatcom County shall designate the following institutional uses -and properties on the Comprehensive Land Use Plan Map as Quasi - Public; the Blue Canyon Foundation, north of Agate Bay, the Firs Bible and Missionary Conference Center Property in Geneva and south of Sudden Valley, the Western Washington University Lakewood facility north of Sudden Valley, and the Bellingham School District conservation and educational site in South Bay. 1.02 Because of the relatively small size of the designated Quasi - Public areas, implementation shall be accomplished by applica- tion of the adjacent zoning district which is the most consistent with the character of each respective Quasi - Public area. In ad- dition, because of the various impacts associated with Quasi - Public uses, such uses shall be permitted as conditional uses within the respective zoning district. -41- G. COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND UTILITIES Intent Statement One of the most important factors in comprehensive planning is the rela- tionship between land use and the provision of public services. Propor- tionate with the increase in land use density and attendant population levels is the increase in demand for services such as efficient sewer and water systems, efficient and safe transportation networks, adequate school and park systems, stormwater drainage systems, and capable fire and police protective services. In areas that are currently undeveloped, yet planned for future urban development, the residents of Whatcom County shall be apprised of the necessary increase not only in utility services, but also in adequately staffed and equiped sheriff and fire pro- tective services. -As growth occurs in "urban fringe" and rural areas, local governments have been typically confronted with service issues that can be summarized as follows: What governmental jurisdiction should provide the demanded services? What is the difference between urban and non -urban services and where do urban services stop and non -urban begin? Under what conditions should urban and non -urban services be provided? What services can be economically provided to both city and county jur- isdictions or by a single service purveyor? It is the intent of the following policies to define Whatcom County's role and responsibility concerning the above issues and to further insure that a beneficial balance exists between the supply and demand for services, as well as encourage the cooperation among municipalities, special districts and water associations in the planning and provision of public services. Policy Statement 1.01 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to cooperate and co- ordinate with the City of Bellingham, Whatcom County Water Districts #10 and #7, Whatcom County Fire Protection Districts #2, #4 and #18, Bellingham and Mt. Baker School Districts, "Y"- Squalicum Water Association and the State of Washington in planning subarea service systems. 1.02 As described in the URBAN RESERVE policies, land areas inside the URBAN RESERVE designation are intented for urban type densities and shall be provided with a full range of urban ser- vices including publicly provided sewer and water, fire and sheriff protection, transportation and stormwater drainage systems. Therefore, Whatcom County recognizes specific ser- vice purveyors for the delivery of urban services in each of the designated URBAN RESERVE areas as follows: IM11p.i0 1.02.1 Sudden Valley: Sewer and Water: Whatcom County Water District #10 Stormwater Management: Sudden Valley Community Association and Whatcom County Law Enforcement: Whatcom County Sheriff's Depart- ment and S. V. C. A. Fire Protection: Whatcom County Fire Protection District #2 Transportation: Whatcom County and S. V. C. A. 1.02.2 Geneva: Sewer and Water: Whatcom County Water District 1 . Stormwater Management: Whatcom County Law Enforcement: Whatcom County Sheriff's De- partment Transportation: Whatcom County (roadways) and City of Bellingham (public transit) Fire Protection: Whatcom County Fire Protection District 2 1.03 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage the placement and extension of sewer and water lines in a manner that is con- tiguous to existing development(s). Such phased line placement is intended to discourage the occurrence of "leapfrog" develop- ment. 1.04 Lands situated outside the URBAN RESERVE areas are planned for non -urban land use densities and thus, services are intended to be commensurate with planned uses and densities for the fol- lowing land use designations: 1.04.1 RESIDENTIAL - RURAL: On -site domestic waste wa- ter disposal systems and individual wells, or one pub- lic utility, i.e., sewer or water provided by District #10; on -site or off -site stormwater detention via the regional stormwater drainage system; volunteer fire protection from a Whatcom County Fire Protection District; public service oriented law enforcement from the Whatcom County Sheriff's Department; and transportation provided by a collector arterial, main- tained by Whatcom County. -43- Service Improvements Moratorium: Extension of 4 existing or construction of new public facilities and private service systems to facilitate urban develop- ment in the North Shore Residential -Rural designa- tion within the watershed shall be delayed until an assessment of potential impacts to the watershed caused by the implementation of said designation is completed. Said assessment shall be one of the tasks of Phase I of the Department of Ecology funded water supply study and shall be completed no later than December 31, 1983. As referenced above, new public facilities shall include public sewer, water, storm drainage and transportation improvements and extensions while private service systems include water associations. this policy does not apply to contracts for water service that have been executed between the City of Bellingham and Water and Sewer District No. 10 prior to the adoption of the Lake Whatcom Subarea plan, individual wells or connections to the North shore sewer line to serve existing platted lots of record, or the areas within two or more ULID's existing at the time of the adoption of the Lake Whatcom Subarea Comprehensive Plan. This policy does also not apply to preliminary plat applications that have been filed prior to the adop- tion of this policy and the time limits that the County Council must act on the preliminary plat as described by statute have expired. 1.04.2 RURAL and FORESTRY: On site domestic waste water disposal systems and individual well or water associations volunteer fire protection from a What- com County Fire Protection District and the Depart- ment of Natural Resources; public service oriented law enforcement from the Whatcom County Sheriff's Department; and transportation provided by a col- lector arterial, maintained by Whatcom County. 1.04.3 QUASI- PUBLIC: Public sewer and water from Dis- trict #10 or on -site domestic wells, storm drainage, volunteer fire protection from a Whatcom County Fire Protection District; public service oriented law enforcement from the Whatcom County Sheriff's De- partment; and transportation provided by a collector arterial, maintained by Whatcom County. 1.05 It is the policy of Whatcom County to request the City of Bellingham and Water District #10 to amend their Comprehen- sive Sewer and Water plans consistent with the level of service and geographic service area as described in policies 1.02 and 1.04 of this section and pursuant to RCW 57.16.40 and 36.70.520. -44- 1.06 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to require stormwater drainage facilities inside URBAN RESERVE areas and RURAL RESIDENTIAL areas where the maximum density is two dwelling units per acre. To implement this policy Whatcom County shall seek a grant from the State Department of Ecology to develop a regional stormwater management plan for the Lake Whatcom subarea. Moreover, it is the intent of Whatcom County to facil- itate a cooperative effort in development of such a plan among affected service entities. To acknowledge this policy in each of the URBAN RESERVE and appropriate RURAL RESIDENTIAL areas the following policies are provided: 1.06.1 Geneva: On -site stormwater collection and retention shall be required for all new property development and land use modification until the County adopts and implements a regional stormwater management plan. 1.06.2 Sudden Valley: On -site stormwater collection and re- tention shall be required for all new property devel- opment and land use modification until the Sudden Valley Community Association implements a storm - water drainage plan. 1.06.3 North Shore: On -site stormwater collection and re- tention shall be required for all new property devel- opment and land use modification, until the county adopts and implements a regional stormwater man- agement plan. 1.06.4 The North Shoreline and Southwest Shore: On -site stormwater collection and retention shall be required for all new property development and land use modi- fication until the County adopts and implements a re- gional stormwater management plan. 1.07 Whatcom County shall continue to recognize Puget Power and Light as the primary energy purveyor in the subarea; however, the county encourages the use of alternative energy systems for residential, commercial, quasi public and public land uses. 1.08 It is the policy of Whatcom County to assure that the necessary staff and equipment are available in the Whatcom County Sheriff's Department to provide adequate protective services commensurate with projected population levels in the Lake Whatcom Subarea. -45- H. TRANSPORTATION /CIRCULATION Intent Statement Transportation /Circulation is one of the key elements in comprehensive land use planning since the changes in land use density and corresponding population levels often result in the need to build new roads or to im- prove the operational efficiency of existing roads. Therefore, in the Lake Whatcom Subarea it is the intent of Whatcom County to plan new road construction projects in the North Shore UR- BAN RESERVE area while maintaining improvement projects currently designated in the county's Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) such as operational improvements to Lake Louise, Lakeway and Austin streets as well as construction of the Whatcom Connector. Furthermore, Whatcom County intends to provide the policy framework with which the private and public sectors can make appropriate trans- portation decisions with respect to fiscal responsibility and the coor- dination of construction projects. In addition, Whatcom County intends to adopt new road design standards and specifications which will provide an appropriate road classification system which can be implemented in the Lake Whatcom Subarea. It is also the intent of Whatcom County to cooperate with the City of Bellingham in both land use and transportation planning in order to avoid disruption of downstream traffic patterns. The programmed sequence and coordination of road construction pro- jects and the implementation of design standards and specifications is also intended to provide in a more efficient transportation system re- sulting in more efficient use of energy and enhanced environmental con- ditions. In summary, it is the intent of the following policies to insure that land use and transportation planning mutually support the safe and efficient movement of people and goods, while optimizing public investments in the existing circulation system. Furthermore, it is the intent of What- com County to move toward the attainment of the Whatcom County Goal Statements with respect to transportation planning. Policy Statement 1.01 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to coordinate and. cooperate with the City of Bellingham in the planning of new arterial routes in the Lake Whatcom Subarea. 1.02 It is the policy of Whatcom County to acknowledge the currently programmed Whatcom Connector as the most important road construction project in the Subarea. 1.03 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage the construc- tion of new roads in. a manner that is contiguous to existing development. Such phased road construction is intended to -46- discourage the occurrence of "leap frog" development within the 4 areas designated as URBAN RESERVE. 1.04 It shall be county policy to implement the road classification plan as designated on the Lake Whatcom Subarea Roadway Clas- sification Map through conformance with the following policies: 1.04.1 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to develop Street Standards and Specifications that define the precise urban level transportation standards to be ap- plied within the subarea. Such standards shall also in- clude a variety of design standards for residential streets; design options for reducing imperviousness of road or pedestrian surfaces; access control plans for each functional road classification; drainage consis- tent with a regional stormwater management plan; standards for roadside features and pedestrian facili- ties; and roadway geometries. 1.04.2 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to reduce the amount of impervious surfaces including streets, driveways, sidewalks, etc., whenever possible, by 'using "natural' engineering design methods such as the use of open, shallow, grassed street swales in- stead of curbs and gutters. In addition, Whatcom County shall encourage the use of alternative surfac- ing options such as porous asphalt pavement, precast interlocking blocks and rolled brick or cinder chips to reduce imperviousness of driveways. Natural design methods and surfacing options can aid in reducing to- tal surface runoff, slowing of concentration and cap- turing particulates. 1.04.3 Whatcom County shall use the development approval process (subdivision, zoning and building permit) to establish community circulation patterns and to se- cure right -of -way and construction of all functional road classifications. 1.04.4 Through the development approval process (subdivi- sion, zoning and building permit) Whatcom County shall identify the short and long range transportation (traffic) impacts to subarea roads by computing the estimated number of vehicle trips generated by a project and comparing those computations against the planned level of service for each road segment (according to the Whatcom County Engineering De- partment design standards and specifications) im- pacted by the project including intersections. If it is determined that a proposed development will cause transportation (traffic) impacts which will result in a level of service below that planned for all affected road classifications, Whatcom County shall request the developer to make.the necessary improvements -47- to maintain the pre - planned level of service or to make an equivalent cash contribution. 1.04.5 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to change the street name Terrace Avenue to Cable Street, which is that portion of roadway from Lakeway Drive to Cable Street. 1.05 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to approve new road construction projects or improvements to existing roads consis- tent with a regional stormwater management plan for the UR- BAN RESERVE areas designated on the Lake Whatcom Subarea Comprehensive Land Use Plan Map. Should the private or public sector begin such projects before the plan is complete, the county shall implement appropriate measures to assure total containment of excess stormwater runoff for each development `proposal. Upon completion of a stormwater management plan, land area currently used for retention may be converted to per - mitted uses and densities consistent with the applicable zone district. 1.06 Where appropriate it shall be county policy to allow developers of small projects (15 lots or less ) to build a half width road which will be classified below a collector arterial provided that all affected property owners agree to participate in completing the road. 1.07 It is herein the policy of Whatcom County to promote and en- courage the availability of public transit as demand increases in the Lake Whatcom Subarea.. The public transit system shall be designed to encourage the use of said system by providing fre- quent and convenient access points, and by integrating transit services with other transportation modes, such as bus systems, park and ride lots for automobiles and bicycles, and bus, railroad and airline terminal facilities. Any major program change in the Transportation Improvement Program with respect to the circulation system shall provide accommodations for transit when warranted by the level and location of ridership. 1.08 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to make every effort to preserve mature trees and unique wildlife habitats and other elements of the natural environment during the design and con- struction of road improvement projects. Where disruption of the natural environment is unavoidable, special techniques, including rounded slopes, erosion control, reseeding and revegetation shall be employed to return roadsides to their natural state. 1.09 It shall be county policy to include bikeways and pedestrian walkways as an integral part of the transportation system. Bike- ways and pedestrian ways shall be provided in new developments where warranted. Bikeways shall be provided to link residential areas, shopping areas, recreational areas and educational -48- facilities. Whenever practical, bikeways proposed in new 4 developments shall connect with the planned bikeways in the Whatcom County Trails Plan. 1.10 It shall be the policy of Whatcom County to encourage the use of noise buffers and visual screens between high volume trans- portation routes and residential areas. -49- I. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES Intent Statement The intent of the following policies is to move toward attainment of the County Goal Statements which address the identification and manage- ment of environmentally fragile areas with the purpose of minimizing potential losses to human life and property, and the identification and conservation of natural resource areas in recognition of their irreplace- able character. In addition, the policies intend to maintain and enhance environmental quality with reference to water, air and noise. Policv Statement 1.01 Whatcom County, in partnership with the City of Bellingham and Whatcom County Water District #10 shall seek a grant from the `Department of Ecology to obtain the necessary funding to con- duct a diagnostic and feasibility study of the Lake Whatcom Watershed.. At a minimum the purpose of said study shall be to investigate the human health aspects of continuing to use Lake Whatcom as a potable water source, to assess the potential im- pacts to the watershed resulting from the implementation of the Lake Whatcom Subarea Comprehensive Plan, and to recommend the appropriate restoration methods and watershed management ordinances, i.e. stormwater drainage control plan, clearing and grading regulations, amendments to the comprehensive plan and zoning ordinance and public facilities construction specifica- tions, deemed necessary to enhance the present and future water quality- quantity of Lake Whatcom. Upon completion of the Lake Whatcom Restoration Study, Whatcom County shall reconsider the permitted densities and levels of projected growth in the Lake Whatcom Subarea. 1.02 It is the policy of Whatcom County to promote groundwater quality which is suitable for domestic consumption by encour- aging low density and intensity uses in locations overlaying and directly adjacent to aquifers or recharge areas. 1.03 It is the policy of Whatcom County to recognize wetlands such as swamps, bogs, marshes and ponds as natural catchment basins for stormwater run -off. 1.04 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage utilization of steep slopes (greater than 15 %) or unstable slopes as open space, very low density development or forestry. If used for develop - ment purposes, structures, shall comply with the provisions of the Uniform Building Code and their sites shall be subject to a safety confirmation by a qualified geologic engineer or a quali- fied geologist. 1.05 It is the policy of Whatcom County to promote the use of 100 year floodplains associated with stream corridors as open space. Furthermore, residential development which is proposed to be -50- situated downstram from areas designated FORESTRY shall be encouraged to be sited at distances from all streams which are sufficient to minimize potential loss or damage to property that may occur as the result of debris dam failure or increased duration and volume of stream flow. 1.06 Whatcom County shall encourage very low densities in areas of known mineral resource occurrence with the intent of retaining future access and utilization options. Surface extraction shall be dependent upon compatibility with surrounding land uses and shall be accompanied by a reclamation plan which is consistent with state regulations (RCW 78.44). Subsurface mining opera- tions shall conform with applicable federal regulations. 1.07 It is the policy of Whatcom County to foster continued fish and _wildlife habitat integrity in the Lake Whatcom Subarea. Appli- cable habitats include the Squalicum Lake Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary, the eagle nests situated at the southeast end of Lake Whatcom, and Lake Whatcom Subarea salmon, Kokanee and cut- throat trout spawning streams. In addition, this policy intends to maintain the habitat integrity of the beaver pond which is situ- ated on state land in Section 36, T38N, R3E preferably through the multiple -use management provisions of RCW 79.68 or through employment of sensitive logging systems, if timber is to be harvested. 1.08 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage property owners to use the current use tAx assessment provisions of RCW 84.34 to retain the following areas in open space: steep or unstable slopes, stream corridors, wetlands and wildlife habitats. 1.09 It is the policy of Whatcom County to encourage air pollution abatement with the intent of maintaining and /or enhancing air quality, consistent with the Federal Clean Air Act, and accom- plished through the coordination of local land use proposal re- view with the Northwest Air Pollution Authority and other en- vironmental agencies. 1.10 It is the policy of Whatcom County to implement the necessary rules, regulations and ordinances which are required by state law to minimize noise impacts. 1.11 It is the policy of Whatcom County, pursuant to the provisions of the State Environmental Policy Act (WAC 197 -10 -177) and the Whatcom County SEPA Ordinance (Section 14), to identify and designate environmentally sensitive areas where certain uses should no longer be considered as categorically exempt from the SEPA checklist requirement. The Whatcom County Environmen- tal Review Committee is herein directed to prepare a map indi- cating the location of ESA's and a text describing the basis for selection and intent of areas and uses which should be subject to SEPA checklist requirements. The map and text shall subse- quently be recommended for adoption as part of the Whatcom County SEPA Ordinance. -51- 1.12 It is the policy of Whatcom County to create a watershed ad- h visory committee which is charged with determining issues and recommending public policies concerning water quality and quantity effecting the Lake Whatcom watershed. The committee shall address issues that include, but are not limited to, the effectiveness of current and future stormwater drainage tech- niques, the water - related impacts of chemical use within the watershed, coordination of capital improvement programs, the assessment of potential alternative water supply sources, and such other issues deemed appropriate for the management of the watershed. The committee shall be advisory to the County Council and other agencies of the County charged with policy making. Membership of the committee should consist of a mix or representatives of local government and the citizency of the watershed. Government members should include one appointee each by the Bellingham - Whatcom County Public Health District, Whatcom County Water District No. 10, the City of Bellingham, the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, and one re- presentative of Whatcom County appointed by the County Exe- cutive. Citizen members should include one representative each from the North Shore, Geneva, Sudden Valley, South Bay and Fourth Ward neighborhoods, a representative from the private forest products industry, and a representative from the Middle Fork - Nooksack River drainage basin, all appointed by the County Council. The Planning Department shall submit to the Council, within ninety (90) days of adoption of the subarea plan, a proposed ordinance carrying forth the provisions of this section (1.12.). -52- J. ECONOMIC POLICIES Intent Statement The intent of the following policy is to assure that economic values are given appropriate consideration along with other goals so that Whatcom County attempts to fulfill the economic requirements of present and fu- ture generations of Whatcom County citizens. The Goals Statement of this comprehensive plan clearly indicate that future land use should re- cognize economic concerns in addition to environmental and social con- cerns to provide a balanced and diversified economy. It is therefore the policy of Whatcom . County to establish a balance in its consideration of environmental and economic matters. Policy Statement 1.01 - It is the policy of Whatcom County to consider the positive and negative economic impacts in land use decisions on the general welfare of the citizens of the county. 1.02 It is the policy of Whatcom County to strengthen and stabilize the tax base through economic development. 1.03 It is the policy of Whatcom County to consider economic im- pacts, along with other considerations, of measures which imple- ment this comprehensive land use plan. 1.04 It is the policy of Whatcom County to promote the wise use of both natural and man -made resources over the long run as well as in the immediate future. 1.05 It is the policy of Whatcom County to insure that all county land use plans, and zoning ordinances are considered in terms of their enhancement of the economy of the area and region and are cal- culated to: (a) Foster and promote the general welfare; (b) To create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony; and (c) Fulfill the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations of Whatcom County citi- zens. -53- VII. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN AMENDMENTS The Lake Whatcom Subarea Plan is a policy document that is used to guide the land use decisions affecting both the private and public sectors of the subarea. For the plan to function as an effective decision making document, it must be flexible enough to weather changes in public atti- tudes, developmental technologies, economic forces and legislative policy. The plan envisions two general types of plan amendments. The first type is a review conducted every five years. This review should re- examine the entire plan, including a re- evaluation of goals, updates of land re- lated elements, and the reaffirmation of land use policies and proposals. This review is the responsibility of the Whatcom County Planning Com- mission, the Planning Department staff, and the people of the subarea. The second type of amendment is that proposed and initiated by the pri- vate sector. The land uses illustrated on the Land Use Plan Map are the result of the application of the plan's goals and policies. However, it is reasonable to assume that the private sector may introduce land use pro- posals that conflict with the plan map or policies of the plan itself. In such instances, the private sector may entertain an amendment to the plan. Private petitions for amendment of the Comprehensive Plan ad- dressed to either the Planning Commission or the County. Council shall be processed in accordance with statutory procedure for adoption or amendment of comprehensive plans. In applying for a particular amend- ment to the plan or plan map the private sector shall conform to the following criteria: 1. The amendment request shall conform with the goals of the sub- area plan; 2. The amendment request shall be compatible with the existing and planned surrounding land uses; 3. The amendment request shall not result in unmitigated detri- mental impacts to existing transportation systems; 4. The amendment request shall not place uncompensated burdens upon existing or planned service capabilities; and 5. The amendment request shall demonstrate a land usage need which is consistent with the environmental and, economic poli- cies of this plan. -54- YT .J1t Ell Nl°XYAV 113E 1 N.E - 11141 1.. •':: ►'1 :: • 4441 `�1 1'1'4 ::: 411. 4144441[14414 11141411 144414. 44.41411:441411 /4/44444 1 .41141 41114. 114114441144111 1114111 ,J 44114 441444.44.4.4441 114.4444 1 ,' :: 1': 4'. itl 4 4 1• 4 4•• 4 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 1, 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 ,ffff, 1414. 44444441 ♦f.f 41144 ♦ 1441144 �41ff {4434 {f if .....1.. 1111. 1 .4.4414.1..:....... ......... 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